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BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
UriPublic broadcasting
IndustriyaMass media
NinunoBritish Broadcasting Company
Itinatag18 Oktubre 1922 (1922-10-18)
NagtatagJohn Reith
George Villiers
Punong-tanggapan
Broadcasting House, Londres, Inglatera
,
United Kingdom
Pinaglilingkuran
Worldwide
Pangunahing tauhan
Chris Patten
(Chairman, BBC Trust)
Tim Davie
(Acting Director-General)
ProduktoBroadcasting, radio, web portals
SerbisyoTelevision, radio, online
Kita£5.086 billion (2011/12)[1]
Kita sa operasyon
166,000,000 pound sterling (31 March 2016) [2]
59,000,000 pound sterling (31 March 2016)[kailangan ng sanggunian]
May-ariThe Crown (Publicly owned)
Dami ng empleyado
23,000 (2011/12)
Websitebbc.co.uk
Gusali ng Sentrong Pantelebisyon ng BBC (BBC Television Centre) sa Lungsod ng Londres
Dating logo ng BBC

Ang British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) ay isang British pampublikong serbisyo sa pagsasahimpapawid ng korporasyon. Ang pangunahing responsibilidad nito ay ang pagbibigay ng walang patas na pampublikong serbisyo sa pagsasahimpapawid sa United Kingdom, sa Channel Island, at Isle of Man. Ito ang pinakamalaking broadcaster sa mundo sa pamamagitan ng bilang ng mga empleyado, na may halos 23,000 kawani. Ang BBC ay headquarter sa Broadcasting House sa Londres at may mga pangunahing sentro ng produksiyon sa Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Londres at Salford at mas maliit na mga sentro ng produksyon sa buong UK.

Ang BBC ay isang semi-autonomous public service broadcaster na nagpapatakbo sa ilalim ng isang Royal Charter at isang Lisensya at Kasunduan mula sa Home Secretary. Sa loob ng United Kingdom ang gawain nito ay pinondohan sa pamamagitan ng isang taunang bayad sa lisensya sa telebisyon, na sisingilin sa lahat ng mga sambahayan, kumpanya at organisasyon na gumagamit ng anumang uri ng kagamitan upang makatanggap ng mga live na broadcast sa telebisyon; ang antas ng bayad ay itinakda taun-taon ng Pamahalaang British at sumang-ayon sa Parlyamento.

Sa labas ng UK, ang BBC World Service ay nagbigay ng mga serbisyo sa pamamagitan ng direktang pagsasahimpapawid at muling paghahatid ng mga kontrata sa pamamagitan ng tunog ng radyo mula nang inagurasyon ng BBC Empire Service noong 19 Disyembre 1932, at higit pa kamakailan sa telebisyon at online. Bagaman ang pagbabahagi ng ilan sa mga pasilidad ng mga serbisyong domestic, lalo na para sa output at kasalukuyang mga isyu sa pakikipag-usap, ang World Service ay may isang hiwalay na Managing Director, at ang mga gastos sa pagpapatakbo nito ay may kasaysayan na pinondohan pangunahin sa pamamagitan ng mga direktang gawad mula sa gobyernong British. Ang mga gawad na ito ay tinutukoy nang nakapag-iisa ng bayad sa lokal na lisensya at karaniwang iginawad mula sa badyet ng Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Tulad nito, ang pang-internasyonal na nilalaman ng BBC ay tradisyonal na kinakatawan - hindi bababa sa bahagi - isang epektibong tool sa patakaran ng dayuhan ng Pamahalaang British. Ang kamakailan-lamang na pagsusuri sa paggasta sa Serbisyo ng Daigdig ng BBC ay inihayag ang mga plano para sa pagpopondo para sa serbisyo sa mundo na iguguhit mula sa bayad sa lokal na lisensya.

Ang garantisadong kita ng Corporation mula sa bayad sa lisensya at ang pamigay ng World Service ay pupunan ng kita mula sa mga komersyal na operasyon sa pamamagitan ng isang buong pagmamay-ari na subsidiary, ang BBC Worldwide Ltd. Ang mga aktibidad ng kumpanya ay may kasamang programme at format-sales. Ang BBC ay nakakakuha rin ng karagdagang kita mula sa pagbebenta ng ilang mga serbisyo sa paggawa ng programa sa pamamagitan ng BBC Studios at Post Production Ltd., dating BBC Resources Ltd, isa pang buong pagmamay-ari na trading subsidiary ng korporasyon. Karamihan sa mga aktibidad ng magazine at paglalathala ng libro ng BBC ay nabenta noong 2011. Minsan tinutukoy ng BBC ang ibang media ng British bilang "Auntie" o "ang Beeb".

Kasaysayan

Itinatag noong 1922 ang kauna-unahang organisasyong pambrodkast sa buong mundo, sa pangalang Kompanyang Pangbrodkast ng Britanya (Ingles: British Broadcasting Company) ng grupo ng mga kompanyang pang telekomunikasyon—Marconi, Radio Communication Company, Metropolitan-Vickers, General Electric, Western Electric at British Thomson-Houston—para sa isang eksperimentong pampublikong pag-brodkast sa radyo. Ang unang transmisyon ay naganap noong 14 Nobyembre ng taong iyon mula sa estasyong pang-brodkast na 2LO na matatagpuan sa Marconi House, Lungsod ng Londres.[3]

Ang kauna-unahang eksperimentong pag-brodkast sa telebisyon ay sinimulan noong 1932, gamit ang elektromekanikal na 30-linyang sistemang pantelebisyon na ginawa ni John Logie Baird. Ang mas malawak na serbisyong pantelebisyon ay sinimulan noong 1936, at ito'y tinawag na BBC Television Service (ngayo'y mas kilala sa tawag na BBC One).

Nawala sa ere ang BBC Television Service nang pumutok ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig mula noong 1 Setyembre 1939 ngunit bumalik ulit ito sa ere noong 7 Hunyo 1946. Unang lumabas sa mga imahe sa telebisyon ang mukha ni Jasmine Bligh, na noo'y kinakamusta ang mga manonood.

Nawala ang monopolyo sa pagbo-brodkast sa Nagkaisang Kaharian nang inilunsad ang Telebisyong Independiente (Ingles: Independent Television, o ITV) noong 1955.

Talababa

  1. "Part 2 - The BBC Executive's Review and Assessment" (PDF). BBC Annual Report 2011/12. Londres, United Kingdom: BBC. 16 Hulyo 2012. p. 62. Nakuha noong 24 Setyembre 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. ""BBC Full Financial Statements 2015/16"" (PDF).
  3. "BBC Press Office: Key BBC Dates". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2012-07-22. Nakuha noong 2006-10-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Mga talaan ng aklat

  • Briggs, Asa. - The BBC - The First Fifty Years - Condensed version of the five-volume history by the same author. - Oxford University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-19-212971-6
  • Coulton, Barbara. - Louis MacNeice in the BBC - Writer and producer from 1941 to 1961 in the Features Department of BBC radio. - Faber & Faber, 1980. ISBN 0-571-11537-3
  • Gilder PhD., Eric. - Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the USA. - Historical background relating to the British Broadcasting Company, Ltd., its founding companies; their transatlantic connections; General Post Office licensing system; commercial competitors from Europe prior to World War II and offshore during the 1960s. - "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu Press, Romania. 2003. ISBN 973-651-596-6
  • Milne, Alasdair. - The memoirs of a British broadcaster - History of the Zircon spy satellite affair, written by a former Director General of the BBC. A series of BBC radio programmes called "The Secret Society" led to a raid by police in both England and Scotland to seize documents as part of a government censorship campaign. - Coronet, 1989. - ISBN 0-340-49750-5
  • Moran, Lord. - Churchill at War 1940 to 1945 - The Memoirs of Churchill's Doctor, with an introduction by Lord Moran's son, John, the present Lord Moran. - This diary paints an intimate portrait of Churchill by Sir Charles Watson, his personal physician (Lord Moran), who spent the war years with the Prime Minister. In his diary, Moran recorded insights into Churchill's character, and moments when he let his guard down, including his views about the BBC being riddled with communists. - Carroll & Graf, 2002. Reissue ISBN 0-7867-1041-1
  • Parker, Derek. - David & Charles - Radio: The Great Years - History of BBC radio programmes from the beginning until the date of publication. 1977. ISBN 0-7153-7430-3
  • Spangenberg, Jochen. - The BBC in Transition. Reasons, Results and Consequences - Encompassing account of the BBC and influencing external factors until 1996. - Deutscher Universitaetsverlag. 1997. ISBN 3-8244-4227-2
  • Wilson, H.H. - Pressure Group - History of the political fight to introduce commercial television into the United Kingdom. - Rutgers University Press, 1961.
  • West, W.J. - Truth Betrayed a critical assessment of the BBC, London, 1987, ISBN 0-7156-2182-3

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