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Estadong pulis

Ang estadong pulisya (Ingles: police state) ay isang katagang orihinal na tumutukoy sa isang estado na pinangangasiwaan ng isang administrasyong sibil, subalit magmula noong kalagitnaan ng ika-20 daantaon, ang katawagan ay naging isang madamdamin at mapanirang kahulugan para sa isang pamahalaan na hindi makatwirang nagpapatupad ng kapangyarihan sa pamamagitan ng pulisya.^[1]

Ang mga nakatira sa loob ng isang estadong pulis ay nakararanas ng mga pagbabawal sa kanilang paggalaw, at sa kanilang kalayaan na maipahayag o maipadama ang pananaw na pampulitika at iba pang mga pananaw, na minamanmanan at ipinatutupad ng mga pulis. Ang kontrol na pampulitika ay maaaring ipilit sa pamamagitan ng isang puwersa ng mga pulis na lihim na gumagalaw sa labas ng normal na mga hangganan na ipinapataw ng isang estadong pangkonstitusyon.^[2] Si Robert von Mohl, na unang nagpakilala ng pangangasiwa ng batas o rule of law sa hurisprudensiyang Aleman, ay ipinagkaiba at inihambing ang Rechtsstaat (estadong "legal" o "konstitusyonal") sa aristokratikong Polizeistaat ("estadong pulis").^[3]

Kasaysayan ng paggamit

Ang katagang "estadong pulis" ay unang ginamit noong 1851 bilang pagtukoy sa paggamit ng isang puwersa ng pambansang pulisya upang makapagpanatili ng kaayusan at katiwasayan sa Austria.^[4] Binakas ng Oxford English Dictionary ang pariralang "police state" mula 1851. Ang katagang Aleman na Polizeistaat ay ginagamit sa wikang Ingles noong dekada ng 1930 bilang pantukoy sa mga pamahalaang totalitaryano na nagsimulang lumitaw sa Europa.^[5]

Mga sanggunian

↑ Tipton, Elise K. (2013-12-17). The Japanese Police State: Tokko in Interwar Japan. A&C Black. pp. 14–. ISBN 9781780939742. Nakuha noong 5 Setyembre 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ A Dictionary of World History, Market House Books, Oxford University Press, 2000.
↑ The Police State, Chapman, B., Government and Opposition, Bolyum 3:4, 428–440, (2007). Makukuha sa internet mula sa [1] Naka-arkibo 2020-09-22 sa Wayback Machine., nakuha noong 15 Agosto 2008.
↑ Oxford English Dictionary, Third edition, January 2009; online version November 2010. <http://www.oed.com:80/Entry/146832^{[patay na link]}>; napuntahan noong 19 Enero 2011.
↑ The New Police Science: The Police Power in Domestic and International, pinatnugutan ni Markus Dubber, Mariana Valverde

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