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Isparta

Ang Isparta o Esparta ay isang lungsod-estado ng sinaunang Gresya. Tinatawag na mga Ispartano o Espartano ang mga mamamayan ng Isparta. Kilala ang mga Ispartano bilang mga sanay sa mga gawaing militar o pangkawal. Mayroon silang katangiang nakapapamuhay ng walang karangyaan.^[1]

Heograpiya

Nakalagak ang lungsod sa tangway ng Peloponeso na nasa katimugang bahagi ng Gresya.^[1]

Mga mamamayan

May tatlong pangkat ng mga tao ang Isparta: ang mga Spartiate, ang mga perioeci, at ang mga helot.

Mga Ispartano

Sa kaantasang panglipunan ng Isparta, gumaganap ang mga Ispartano bilang mga aristokrata. Sila ang nagmamay-ari ng mga lupain. Sila ang mga sinasaysay upang maging mga mandirigma. Sa simula ng kanilang kabataan, sinasanay na ng Istado ng Isparta ang mga batang lalaki sa larangan ng himnastika. Kinukuha sila mula sa kanilang mga ina sa gulang na pito. Sinasanay rin sila sa paggamit ng mga sandata. Hindi pinahihintulutang mag-asawa kaagad ang mga kalalakihan, hangga't hindi sila umaabot sa edad ng tatlumpu.^[1]

Sumasailalim din ng pagsasanay sa himnastika ang mga kabataang babae. Nagkakamit sila ng sapat na kalayaan kapag narating na ang hustong gulang.^[1]

Mga perioikoi

Namumuhay sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng mga Ispartano ang mga perioikoi. Namumuhay sila sa pamamagitan ng pangangalakal. Hindi pinapahintulutang maging mga mangangalakal ang mga tunay na Ispartano.^[1]

Mga helot

Naglilingkod bilang mga alipin ang mga helot. Mayroon silang iilang mga karapatan. Sila ang nagsasaka ng mga lupain para sa mga Ispartano.^[1]

Mga sanggunian

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Firth, Lesley (Patnugot Panlahat) atbp. (1985). "Who Were the Spartans?". Who Were They? The Simon & Schuster Color Illustrated Question & Answer Book. Little Simon Book, Simon & Schuster, Inc., Lungsod ng Bagong York, ISBN 0671604767.{{cite ensiklopedya}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link), pahina 17.

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