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1. Ordu (İtalya)

İtalyan 1. Ordusu
Etkin1914–1918
1939–1943
Ülkeİtalya Krallığı İtalya Krallığı
TipiOrdu
SavaşlarıI. Dünya Savaşı
II. Dünya Savaşı
Komutanlar
Ünlü
komutanları
Giovanni Messe

İtalyan 1. Ordusu, I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Avusturya-Macaristan ve Alman İmparatorluğu'na karşı, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında da İtalya Krallığı'na bağlı olarak Kuzey Afrika'da hizmet veren ordu.

I. Dünya Savaşı

I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında, İtalyan 1. Ordusu Stelvio Geçidi'nden İsviçre-Avusturya-İtalyan sınırındaki Asiago platosuna kadar olan geniş cepheden sorumluydu. Burada Avusturya-Macaristan ordusuna karşı başarılı bir şekilde direndi. Sorumlu olduğu bölge daraltılınca, Trento ve Verona'nın savunulmasındaki rolü azaldı.

II. Dünya Savaşı

Savaşın başında İtalyan 1. ordusu, Prens General Umberto tarafından oluşturulan Batı Ordular Grubu'na bağlı üç ordudan biriydi. 4. Ordu ve 7. Ordu (yedek ordu) ile birlikte Fransa Savaşı'nda Fransız birliklerine karşı savaştı.

1942'de, II. El Alameyn Muharebesi'nde 5. Panzer Ordusu'nun yenilmesinden ve Meşale Harekâtı'ndan sonra, General Erwin Rommel Mısır ve Libya'dan Güney Tunus'taki,Fransızların inşa ettiği, Mareth Hattı'na çekilmek zorunda kaldı. Mareth Hattı'nın işgalinden sonra, Rommel yeni oluşturulan Afrika Ordular Grubu'nun komutasını aldı ve Alman-İtalyan Panzer Ordusu'nun (Eski adı Afrika Panzer Ordusu) komutasını İtalyan general Giovanni Messe'ye devretti. Ordu'nun adı bir kez daha değiştirilerek "İtalyan 1.Ordusu" oldu ve 23 Şubat 1943'te Messe'nin komutasına devredildi.

Messe'nin komutasındaki 1. Ordu, Rommel'in Kasarin Geçidi'ni yarma teşebbüsüne yardımcı oldu ve cepheyi yarmak için General Rommel'in Afrika Ordular Grubu'nun bir parçası olarak, Mareşal Bernard Montgomery'nin 8. Ordusu'na saldırdı. Ancak, ezici bir yenilgi aldı. Ek olarak, Rommel ve Arnim de cepheyi yarmaya çalışsa da başarılı olamadı.

Mayıs ayının sonunda, Müttefik kuvvetleri tüm Kuzey Afrika'yı ele geçirdi ve sonuçta Mihver güçleri 270, 000 esir verdi.

Komutanları

İtalyan 1. Ordusu (Kuzey Afrika)

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