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Almanya'da rüzgâr gücü

Neuenkirchen'de rüzgâr tarlası

Almanya'da rüzgâr gücü, her sene toplam üretimdeki payını önemli derecede artırmaktadır ve Almanya'nın enerji vizyonunun temel parçalarından biridir. 2015 itibarıyla, ülke çapındaki rüzgâr türbini kurulu gücü 44,947 MW'tır (megawatt). Bu güçle Almanya dünya sıralamasında % 10.4'lük payla Çin ve ABD'den sonra üçüncü sıradadır.[1]

Almanya'da Enercon E70-4 kurulurken

Önizleme

2009 itibarıyla Almanya'da rüzgâr gücü, 90.000 kişiye istihdam sağladı ve Alman rüzgâr enerji şebekesi de genişletildi. Fuhrländer Rüzgâr Türbin Laasow, Brandenburg'deki Laasow köyünün yakınlarında 2006'da inşa edildiğinde dünyanın en yüksek rüzgâr türbini idi.

İstatistikler

Son yıllardaki kurulu rüzgâr gücü kapasitesi ve elektrik üretimi aşağıdaki tabloda gösteriliyor.[2]

Yıl 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Kurulu Güç (MW) 55 106 174 326 618 1,121 1,549 2,089 2,877 4,435
Elektrik üretimi (GWh) 71 100 275 600 909 1,500 2,032 2,966 4,489 5,528
Toplam üretimdeki payı (%) 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,9 1,8 2,4 2,6 2,8
Yıl 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Kurulu Güç (MW) 6,097 8,738 11,976 14,593 16,612 18,375 20,568 22,183 23,815 25,662
Elektrik üretimi (GWh) 9,513 10,509 15,786 18,713 25,509 27,229 30,710 39,713 40,574 38,648
Toplam üretimdeki payı (%) 2,9 2,9 3,2 3,8 4,5 5,3 6,3 7,9 8,0 8,9
Yıl 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Kurulu Güç (MW) 27,092 29,045 31,264 34,271 39,193 44,947
Elektrik üretimi (GWh) 37,793 48,883 50,670 51,708 57,357 87,975
Toplam üretimdeki payı (%) 9,9 10,8 10,3 10,8 11,5 12,5

Sadece denizüstü:

Yıl 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Kurulu Güç (MW) 30 80 188 268 508 1,037 3,319
Elektrik üretimi (GWh) 38 174 568 722 905 1,449 8,703
Rüzgar ile üretimdeki payı (%) 0.1 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.5 9.9

Durumlar

Alman rüzgâr tarlaları haritası

2009'da Saksonya-Anhalt'taki elektriğin %47'si rüzgâr gücünden sağlandı.

2009'da rüzgâr gücü
% MW
Saksonya-Anhalt %47 3.354
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern %41 1.498
Schleswig-Holstein %40 2.858
Brandenburg %38 4.170
Aşağı Saksonya %23 6.407

Yeniden güç verme

Yeniden güç verme (İngilizce: Repowering), Almanya'da birinci jenerasyon rüzgâr türbinlerinin modern multi-megawatt'lık türbinlerle değiştirilme olayıdır. Modern türbinler hem daha verimlidir hem de daha büyük alandaki rüzgâr enerjisini toplayabilmektedir. Ayrıca modern türbinler konvansiyonel güç santralleriyle aynı şekilde şebeke bağlantı metodu kullanmaya başlamalarından beridir daha iyi şebeke entegrasyonu sunmaktadırlar.

Denizde rüzgâr gücü

Ayrıca bakınız: Almanya'da deniz üstü rüzgâr tarlaları listesi, Alpha Ventus Deniz Üstü Rüzgâr Tarlası, Baltık 1 Deniz Üstü Rüzgâr Tarlası, BARD Deniz Üstü 1 ve Borkum Riffgat

Denizdeki rüzgâr enerjisi de Almanya'da büyük potansiyele sahiptir. Denizdeki rüzgâr hızı karadakinden %70 ile %100 daha büyüktür ve daha çok sabittir. 5 MW'lık veya daha büyük yeni nesil rüzgâr türbinleri, rüzgâr gücünden tam faydalanma arttırdığı prototipinden görülür. Prototip sayesinde denize kurulacak rüzgâr türbinlerinin fiyat etkisi görülebilir.

15 Temmuz 2009'da, denizdeki ilk Alman rüzgâr türbininin yapımı tamamlandı. Bu türbin, Kuzey Denizi'ndeki Alpha Ventus rüzgâr tarlasının 12 türbininden ilkiydi.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 14 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2016. 
  2. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 28 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Eylül 2016. 

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