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Amaterasu

Amaterasu

Amaterasu (天照), Amaterasu-Ōmikami (天照大神／天照大御神) veya Ōhirume-no-Muchi-no-Kami (大日孁貴神), (Japonca: parlak gök), önemli Shintō kamisi. Japon imparatorluk ailesi bu güneş tanrıçasının soyundan geldiğini öne sürer. Amaterasu, babası Izanagi'nin sol gözünden doğmuştur.[1] Mitolojide, erkek kardeşi Susanoo'ya kızıp bir mağaraya saklandığı ve dünyayı karanlığa boğduğu anlatılır. Japonya'nın en önemli Shintō tapınağı olan Ise Jingu'da bu tanrıçaya ibadet edilir.

Japon mitolojisinde Amaterasu gök diyarının (Takamagahara) yöneticisi kabul edilir. Adı "cennette ışıldayan", "gökyüzünü aydınlatan" anlamlarını taşır. Japon imparatorluk ailesinin atası olduğuna inanılır. Japonların ulusal dini Sintōizm'de birbirine eşit güçte olan tanrıların üstünde bulunan tek tanrıdır. Bu dinin en büyük rahibi de Japon imparatorudur, bu yüzden imparatora "güneşin oğlu" denir. Japon inançlarına göre imparator siyasal yetkilerini Tanrıça Amaterasu'dan miras yoluyla almıştır. Amaterasu dünya düzenini kurması için torunu Ninigi no Mikoto'yu yeryüzüne göndermiştir. İlk Japon imparatoru Jimmu Tenno'nun, bu torunun soyundan geldiğine inanılır. Japon imparatorunun hükümdarının meşruluğu, Japon mitolojisini ve tarihini ele alan Kojiki ve Nihon Shoki isimli eserlerde ispatlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Etimoloji

Japon mitolojisinin genelinde dişi kamilerin isminde “prenses” anlamına gelen hime 姫, erkek kamilerin ismindeyse “prens” anlamına gelen hiko 彦 takıları yer alır. Dikkat edilecek olursa Amaterasu-Ōmikami'nin isminde herhangi bir cinsiyeti belirten ek yoktur.[2] Matsumae Takeshi 松前武 Amaterasu'nun Ise 伊勢 bölgesinde ibadet edilen yerel bir kült olarak başladığını savunur. Erken dönemlerde Amaterasu, Amateru adından erkek bir tanrıydı ama M.S. altıncı ya da yedinci yüzyılda, saiōların [斎王tapınak rahibeleri] birbirini izleyen güçlü nesilleri sonucunda kademeli olarak erkekten kadına dönüştü.[3][4]

Matsumae'nin belirttiğine göre Amaterasu kelimesi “cennette parlayan” anlamına gelen Amateru’nun yüceltilmiş şeklidir. Kami’nin isminin Amaterasu-Ōmikami biçiminin anlamı “Büyük, Gökte Işıldayan Tanrı”, Ōhirume biçiminin anlamı ise “Büyük Gün Kadını Tanrısı”dır. Buna ek olarak, Dr. Orikuchi hem Amaterasu’nun hem de saiō’nun (tapınak rahibesi) diğer ismi olan Ōhirume’deki hirumenin “güneşin eşi” anlamına geldiğini savunmuştur.[3][5]

Ōkami

Bir capcom oyunu olan "Ōkami" oyununda ana karakter, Tanrıça Amaterasu'nun beyaz bir kurt hâlindeki reankarnasyonudur.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by William George Aston. Kitap I, Sayfa 27f. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edisyon (temmuz 2005). İlk baskının edisyonu: 1972. ISBN 978-0-8048-3674-6
  2. ^ Animelerde Japon Gelenekselliği ve Kadın Temsili, Eylül Arslan. Kitapyurdu Doğrudan Yayıncılık, 2020. s. 83. 
  3. ^ a b "Origin and Growth of the Worship of Amaterasu". 
  4. ^ "A Hypothesis for Early Kofun Rulership". 
  5. ^ Animelerde Japon Gelenekselliği ve Kadın Temsili, Eylül Arslan. Kitapyurdu Doğrudan Yayıncılık, 2020. s. 84. 

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