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Baş dönmesi

Baş dönmesi
Vertigo, birisinin çevresinin etrafında döndüğü hissi, baş dönmesinin yaygın bir belirtisidir.
UzmanlıkOtorinolarengoloji

Baş dönmesi, kişinin uzaydaki konumunu algılayamaması ve dengesini kaybetmesi. Baş dönmeleri çok çeşitli nedenlerle gerçekleşebilir. Büyük bir kısmı tıbbi nedenlerle meydana gelirken kendi ekseni etrafında bir süre dönmek gibi oryantasyonu bozucu suni nedenlerle de baş dönmesi tetiklenebilir. Bazen düşme hissi veya sersemleme ile birlikte görülebilir. Baş dönmeleri aşağıdaki başlıklar altında incelenir:

  • Vertigo: Kişinin kendisi ya da çevresindeki nesneler dönüyormuş (yuvarlanıyormuş) hissine kapılması. Vertigo bazen mide bulantısı veya kusma ile birlikte gerçekleşir. Baş dönmesi vakalarının yaklaşık %25'i vertigo sınıfına girer.
  • Disequilibrium: En belirgin özelliği dengeyi kaybetmek ve belirli bir yöne doğru düşmektir. Bu sorunda genellikle mide bulantısı veya kusma görülmez.
  • Presenkop: Baş dönmesi ile birlikte kasların boşalması ve bayılacak gibi hissetmektir. Presenkoptan bir sonraki aşama senkop yani bayılmadır.

Bu sınıflara girmeyen baş dönmeleri genellikle psikiyatrik nedenlerle gerçekleşir. Suni nedenlerle gerçekleşenler (dans esnasında, lunapark oyuncaklarında vb.) haricindeki baş dönmeleri çeşitli sağlık sorunlarının habercisi olabilir ve bir doktora başvurulmalıdır.

Mekanizma ve nedenler

Dengeyi korumak için iç kulak, gözler, kaslar, iskelet ve sinir sistemi ‘ni kapsayan vücudun birden fazla parçası gerektiğinden birçok koşul baş dönmesine neden olur.[1] Bu nedenle baş dönmesine çeşitli problemler neden olabilir ve odak bir süreci (dengeyi veya koordinasyon'u etkileyen bir süreç gibi) veya dağınık bir süreci (örn. zehirlenme veya az perfüzyon durumu) yansıtabilir.[2]

Baş dönmesinin yaygın nedenleri şunlardır:

Teşhis

Ayırıcı tanı

Baş dönmesi, beyin (özellikle beyin sapı veya beyincik), iç kulak, gözler, kalp, damar sistemi, sıvı veya kan hacmi, omurilik, periferik sinirler veya vücut elektrolitlerini içeren bir anormallikten kaynaklanabilir. Baş dönmesi, sarsıntı veya beyin kanaması, epilepsi ve nöbetler (kasılmalar), felç ve menenjit ve beyin iltihabı vakaları gibi bazı ciddi olaylara eşlik edebilir. Ancak en sık görülen alt kategoriler şu şekilde sıralanabilir: %40 çevresel vestibüler fonksiyon bozukluğu, %10 merkezi sinir sistemi yarası, %15 psikiyatrik bozukluk, %25 baygınlık öncesi/dengesizlik ve %10 belli olmayan baş dönmesi.[6] Bazı vestibüler patolojiler, ruhsal bozukluklarla birlikte görülen belirtilere sahiptir.[7]

Geleneksel tıp öğretimi, kategoriye dayalı olarak baş dönmesinin nedenini belirlemeye odaklanmış olsa da (örneğin vertigo, presenkop gibi), son araştırmalar bu analizin sınırlı klinik faydası olduğunu göstermektedir.[8][9]

Bulgu olarak sıklıkla baş dönmesi olan tıbbi durumlar şunlardır:[1][6][10][11]

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Dizziness and Vertigo". Merck Manual. 2009. 5 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. 
  2. ^ a b Norris, Chris (4 Temmuz 2020). "What Causes Dizziness? Its Symptoms, Control and Risk Factors". Healthroid. 4 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 
  3. ^ Chu EC, Chin WL, Bhaumik A (November 2019). "Cervicogenic dizziness". Oxford Medical Case Reports. 2019 (11). ss. 476-478. doi:10.1093/omcr/omz115. PMC 6902624 $2. PMID 31844531. 
  4. ^ Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Drug Safety and Availability – FDA Drug Safety Communication: Low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs (PPIs)". www.fda.gov. 5 Mart 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan 2018. 
  5. ^ "Common Side Effects of Coumadin (Warfarin Sodium) Drug Center – RxList". rxlist.com. 21 Eylül 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Nisan 2018. 
  6. ^ a b Chan Y (June 2009). "Differential diagnosis of dizziness". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 17 (3). ss. 200-3. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594. PMID 19365263. 
  7. ^ Lawson, B. D., Rupert, A. H., & Kelley, A. M. (2013). Mental Disorders Comorbid with Vestibular Pathology. Psychiatric Annals, 43(7), 324.
  8. ^ Muncie HL, Sirmans SM, James E (February 2017). "Dizziness: Approach to Evaluation and Management". American Family Physician. 95 (3). ss. 154-162. PMID 28145669. 24 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. 
  9. ^ Kerber KA, Newman-Toker DE (August 2015). "Misdiagnosing Dizzy Patients: Common Pitfalls in Clinical Practice". Neurologic Clinics. 33 (3). ss. 565-75, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.009. PMID 26231272. 
  10. ^ Tusa RJ (March 2009). "Dizziness". The Medical Clinics of North America. 93 (2). ss. 263-71, vii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2008.09.005. PMID 19272508. 
  11. ^ Bronstein AM, Lempert T (2010). "Management of the patient with chronic dizziness". Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. 28 (1). ss. 83-90. doi:10.3233/RNN-2010-0530. PMID 20086285. 
  12. ^ O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, Diercks D, Egan J, Ghaemmaghami C, Menon V, O'Neil BJ, Travers AH, Yannopoulos D (November 2010). "Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care". Circulation. 122 (18 Suppl 3). ss. S787-817. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971028Özgürce erişilebilir. PMID 20956226. 23 Şubat 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. 
  13. ^ Neuhauser HK, Lempert T (November 2009). "Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects" (PDF). Seminars in Neurology. 29 (5): 473-81. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241043. PMID 19834858. 8 Ağustos 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 15 Haziran 2022. 

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