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Bilim parkı

Bilim parkı veya teknopark, üniversiteler tarafından oluşturulan alanlarda araştırma-geliştirme yapacak firmalara kiralanarak firmaların büyümesini teşvik edici düzenlemelerle desteklendiği; ticari amaçlı bilimsel veya endüstriyel araştırma yapılan binalardan oluşan bir bölgedir.[1] Araştırma parkı, teknoloji parkı, teknopolis, teknokent ve biyomedikal park gibi terimler de kullanılır. Hangi terimin kullanıldığı yapılan araştırma ve geliştirme türüne bağlıdır. Bilim parkları ulusal ekonominin gelişmesine, yeni teknoloji firmaların desteklenmesine, yabancı yatırım çekmek ve ihracatı artırmaktadır.

Dünyada ilk üniversite bilim parkı Stanford Üniversitesi tarafından 1951 yılında Stanford Üniversitesi Araştırma Parkı olarak kurulmuştur.[2]

Teknopark ve benzerleri genelde merkezî bir yönetim yapısına sahiptirler. Tipik olarak parktaki kurum ve şirketler ürün geliştirme ve yenilik yapmaya odaklıdırlar. Buna karşın sanayi siteleri imalata yoğunlaşmıştır, "iş parkları" ise idarecilik işlevlerine ağırlık verir. Teknoparklar küresel çapta "Bilgi Ekonomisi"'nin altyapısını oluşturan; İnovasyonunu, teknolojinin ticarileştirilmesinde devletler, üniversiteler, özel girişimlerin birlikte hareket etmesini sağlamaktadır.

Bu parklar, binalar için bir arazi sağlamanın yanı sıra, bazı ortak kaynaklar sunar: kesintisiz elektrik, telekomünikasyon santralleri, resepsiyon ve güvenlik hizmetleri, idare ofisleri, lokantalar, banka şubeleri, toplantı merkezi, otopark, toplu ulaşım araçları, eğlence ve spor tesisleri gibi. Bu bakımdan parklar, kiralık mekânlardan daha avantajlıdır, çünkü bu hizmetlerin masraflarının paylaşılmasını sağlarlar.

Bilim ve teknoloji parkları devlet veya yerel idareler tarafından teşvik edilirler, çünkü bu parklar yeni şirketleri cezbeder, istihdam yaratır ve vergi gelirlerinin artmasına yol açar. Yeni şirketleri bilim ve teknoloji şirketlerine çekmek için genelde ilk birkaç yıl için emlak vergisi ve diğer bazı vergilerden muafiyet verilir.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Cabral R. and Dahab S. S. (1993) "Science parks in developing countries: the case of BIORIO in Brazil" in Biotechnology Review, vol 1, p 165 - 178.
  2. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 17 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Ocak 2020. 

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