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Boynuz

Yetişkin erkek impalanın boynuzları
Çalgı

Boynuz, çeşitli hayvanların dengelerini bulmasını sağlayan ve hayatlarını önemli ölçüde kolaylaştıran ve iskeletlerine bağlı olarak derilerinin dışına çıkmış dayanıklı uzantı.

Toynaklı memelilerin çoğunda, başın üst bölümünde korunma ve saldırı organı olarak gelişmiştir. Bazı kelerlerin, yılanların, kuşların, dinozorların ve böceklerin tepesindeki benzer uzantılara da boynuz denir. Sığır, koyun, keçi ve antilopların çatallanmayan ve yenilenmeyen boynuzları, en içte bir kemik, bu kemiği çevreleyen boynuzsu madde (keratin) katmanı ve en üstte keratinleşmiş bir üstderiden oluşur. Geyiklerin her yıl yenilenen ve hayvanın yaşı arttıkça daha çok dallanan çatallı boynuzları ise tümüyle kemiktendir, yalnız ilkbahardaki uzama döneminde boynuzların üstü kadifemsi bir deriyle kaplanır. Gergedanın boynuzu, iyice keratinleşip kaynaşmış bir üstderiden oluşur.

Toynaklıların çoğunda hem erkekte, hem dişide, bazı türlerin yalnız erkeğinde boynuz bulunur. Boynuzlar, genellikle saldırganlara karşı savunma silahı, aynı dişiyle çiftleşmek isteyen erkekler arasındaki savaşta ise saldırı aracı olarak kullanılır.

Boynuzdan yapılan eşyalar

Asya Türk kültüründe boynuzdan yapılan borazanlar "Aburgu" adı verilmektedir. Sivas yöresinde çeşitli hayvan boynuzları işleme tabi tutularak başta tarak olmak üzere çeşitli hediyelik eşyalar üretilmektedir.


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