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Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu

Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu
Bölgesel kapsam Türkiye
Kanun numarası2
Kabul tarihi29 Nisan 1336 ve 30 Recep 1338 (1920)
İlga tarihi12 Nisan 1991

Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu, Türkiye'de 29 Nisan 1920'de çıkarılan ve 12 Nisan 1991'de yürürlükten kaldırılan vatana ihanet suçuna dair bir yasadır.

Tarihi

Türkiye'de vatana ihanet suçu ilk kez Büyük Millet Meclisi (Bugünkü adıyla Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) tarafından 29 Nisan 1920'de çıkarılan 2 numaralı Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu ile düzenlenmiştir. Bu kanun uyarınca, "Yüksek hilâfet ve saltanat makamını ve padişahın korunmuş memleketlerini ecnebilerin elinden kurtarmak ve taarruzları def etmek maksadına matuf olarak teşekkül eden Büyük Millet Meclisinin meşruiyetine isyani tazammun eden sözle, fiille veya yazı ile muhalefete veya ifsadatta (halka yolunu saptırmakta) bulunan kimseler vatan haini sayılırlar," (Madde 1) "Fiilen vatan hainliğinde bulunanlar asılarak idam edilir." (Madde 2) "Vaiz ve hitabet suretiyle alenen ve çeşitli zeminlerde söz ve hareketleriyle vatan hainliği cürmüne tahrik ve teşvik edenlerle işbu tahrik ve teşviki yazı ve resimlerle yayanlar geçici küreğe konulurlar." (Madde 3) "Vatana ihanet sanıklarının yargılanması en çok 24 gün içinde karara bağlanır (Madde 7) ve temyiz edilemez." (Madde 8)

TBMM tarafından çıkarılan ikinci kanun olan Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu, İttihat ve Terakki hükûmetince Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında çıkarılan Hıyanet-i Askeriye Kanunu'ndan esinlenmiştir. Belirgin amaç, o aşamada henüz otoritesi ve meşrutiyeti tartışmalı olan TBMM'ye yönelik muhtemel direnişleri kırmaktır. Bu kanunu daha iyi uygulamak için 18 Eylül 1920'de kurulan İstiklal Mahkemeleri, 1923'e kadar olan dönemde 1000 ila 1500 arası idam kararı vermiştir.[1]

15 Nisan 1923'te çıkarılan 335 sayılı Kanun'la, Saltanatın İlgasına İlişkin Kanun'a ve TBMM'nin meşruiyetine yayın yoluyla muhalefet etmek vatana ihanet kapsamına alınmıştır.[2]

25 Şubat 1925'te Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu'na eklenen bir madde ile "dini ve mukaddesatı siyasi amaçlara esas ve alet etmek maksadıyla cemiyet kuranlar" da vatan hainliği kapsamına alınmış ve idamla cezalandırılmıştır.

2 sayılı Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu 12 Nisan 1991 tarih ve 3713 sayılı Terörle Mücadele Kanunu düzenlemesiyle yürürlükten kaldırılmıştır.

Günümüzdeki durum

Günümüz Türk ceza hukukunda vatana ihanet suçu tanımlanmamıştır. Ancak Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun devletin birliğini ve ülke bütünlüğünü bozmak, düşmanla işbirliği yapmak, devlete karşı savaşa tahrik, temel milli yararlara karşı hareket, askeri tesisleri tahrip ve düşman askeri hareketleri yararına anlaşma, düşman devlete maddi ve mali yardım konularını işleyen 302-308. maddeleri, geleneksel olarak vatana ihanet kapsamına giren suçları içerir.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Prof. Dr. Ergün Aybars, İstiklal Mahkemeleri, s. 155
  2. ^ Ahmet Demirel, Birinci Mecliste Muhalefet, sf. 527-531.

Dış bağlantılar

"Hıyanet-i Vataniye Kanunu". www.ataturktoday.com. 24 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Temmuz 2016.  24 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

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