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Humphrey Primatt

Humphrey Primatt (d. 1734 - ö. y. 1776 ), İngiliz din adamı ve hayvan hakları yazarıydı.[1][2] Primatt, "hayvan hakları kavramının geliştirilmesinde en önemli figürlerden biri" olarak tanımlanmıştır.[3]

Biyografi

Primatt, 1734'te Londra'da doğdu.[1] 1757'de Lisans ve 1764'te Cambridge, Clare Koleji'nden yüksek lisans derecesi aldı.[2] O İngiliz Kilisesi din adamıydı. Higham'da (1766-1774) yılları arasında rahiplik ve Brampton'da (1771-1774) rektörlük yaptı. Primatt, 1773'te Marischal Koleji'nden bir İlahiyat Doktorası aldı. 2 Ekim 1769'da Bayan Gulliver ile evlendi ve 1771'de Kingston upon Thames'e emekli oldu.[4]

Hayvan hakları

Primatt, 1776'da tüm hayvanların Tanrı tarafından yaratıldığını, bu nedenle insancıl muameleyi hak ettiğini ve hayvanlara yapılan her türlü zulmün ateizm ve kötülükle eşleştirilmesi gerektiğini savunan Merhamet ve Zalim Hayvanlara Zulüm Görevi Üzerine Bir Tez (A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals) yazdı.[5][6]

Primatt, acının kötü olduğunu ve insanların bunu hayvanlara veya birbirlerine uygulama hakkına sahip olmadığını savundu.[1] "Acı, ister insana ister canavara verilsin, acıdır" yorumunu yaptı.[7] Bu hayvanlara şefkatli muameleyi savunan ve hayvan refahı hareketini etkileyen ilk kitaplardan biriydi.[8][9][10][11]

Kraliyet Hayvanları Önleme Derneği (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals), kitabı, toplumlarının kurucularını etkilediği için kuruluşlarının bir "temel taşı" olarak gördü.[8][12] Arthur Broome, Primatt'ın kitabından ilham aldı ve 1822'de yeniden yayımladı.[13][14] Henry Stephens Salt kitabı "ilginç ama mükemmel bir kitap" olarak nitelendirdi.[15] Marc Bekoff, "Primatt, hayvan refahını halkın dikkatine sunmaktan büyük ölçüde sorumluydu" dedi.

Primatt, vejetaryenliği teşvik etmedi.[16] İnsanın yemek için hayvanları öldürmesine izin verildiğini öne sürdü, ancak bunun gereksiz acılara izin verdiğini reddetti.[2]

Seçilmiş Yayınlar

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c Simons, John. (2002). Animals, Literature and the Politics of Representation. Palgrave. pp. 39-41. 978-1-349-41045-3
  2. ^ a b c "Humphry Primatt" 1 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  3. ^ Garrett, Aaron. (2000). Animal Rights and Souls in the Eighteenth Century. Thoemmes Press. p. 19. 1-85506-826-5
  4. ^ Nichols, John. (1822). Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century. London. p. 839
  5. ^ Nash, Roderick Frazier. (1989). The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 22-23. 0-299-11840-1
  6. ^ "Jan Morris applauds an 18th-century anglican vicar and his unusual early enthusiasm for animal rights" 2 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. The Independent. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  7. ^ Evans, Kimberly Masters. (2009). Animal Rights. Cengage Gale. p. 6
  8. ^ a b Niven, Charles D. (1967). History of the Humane Movement. Transatlantic Arts. p. 53
  9. ^ Linda Merz-Perez, Kathleen M. Heide. (2004). Animal Cruelty: Pathway to Violence Against People. AltaMira Press. p. 8. 0-7591-0304-6
  10. ^ Boddice, Rob. (2008). A History of Attitudes and Behaviours Toward Animals in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Britain. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 115
  11. ^ Levitt, Lacey; Patronek, Gary; Grisso, Thomas. (2016). Animal Maltreatment: Forensic Mental Health Issues and Evaluations. Oxford University Press. p. 19. 978-0-19-936090-1
  12. ^ Li, Chien-hui. (2019). Mobilizing Traditions in the First Wave of the British Animal Defense Movement. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 34. 978-1-137-52650-2
  13. ^ Bekoff, Marc. (2010). Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 484-485. 978-0-313-35257-7
  14. ^ "A Dissertation on the duty of mercy and sin of cruelty to brute animals by Humphry Primatt" 1 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Royal Collection Trust.Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  15. ^ Salt, Henry Stephens. (1922). Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress. London: G. Bell and Sons. p. 117
  16. ^ Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 230. 978-0-313-37556-9

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