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Kalamar

Teuthida
Korunma durumu
Değerlendirilmedi (IUCN 3.1)
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Animalia
Şube: Mollusca
Sınıf: Cephalopoda
Üst takım: Decabrachia
Takım: Teuthida
Naef, 1916

Kalamar, 250'den fazla türle, kalamarların zoolojik takımı (Teuthida) günümüz kafadanbacaklıları içindeki en büyük grubu temsil etmektedir.[1] Gerçek mürekkep balığı (Sepiida), cüce mürekkep balığı (Sepiolida) ve kendi grubu Spirulida'yı temsil eden post sincap balığı (Spirula spirula) ile birlikte mürekkep balıkları on kollu mürekkep balığı (Decabrachia) takımını oluşturur.[2]

Özellikleri

Kalamar, diğer kafadan bacaklılar gibi belirgin bir kafaya, çift taraflı simetrik bir yapıya, manto ve kollara sahiptir. Gözleri kafasıyla vücudunun tam ortasında yer almaktadır. Kalamarın büyük bölümünü iç organları koruyan ve kuvvetli şekilde su püskürterek kalamarın su içerisinde ilerlemesini sağlayan manto adındaki kalın bir kas örtüsü oluşturmaktadır. Ana gövdenin alt tarafında manto boşluğunun içine doğru uzanan bölümde iki adet solungaç, salgı ve üreme sistemleri bulunmaktadır. Mantoya tutturulmuş üçgen biçimli iki yüzgeç yüzmeyi ve suda süzülmeyi sağlamaktadır. Ancak bu yüzgeçler kalamarın suyun içerisinde hareket edebilmesini sağlayan ana unsur değildir. Manto içerisinde suyu sıkıştırıp sifon diye de adlandırılan bölümden suyu hızlı bir şekilde püskürterek geriye doğru yüzmeyi sağlar.[3] Bu jet etkisi ile suyun dışında kısa mesafe de olsa uçarak ilerleyebilirler.[4] Renk pigmentleri ile kaplanmış olan derisi bulunduğu ortama göre yeri geldiğinde av olmaktan kurtulmak, yeri geldiğinde avcı olabilmek için kalamarın renginin değişmesini ve ortama uyum sağlamasını kolaylaştırır. Tehlike anında kalamarın mürekkebi aceleyle kaçışını kamufle etmesi için yeterlidir.[kaynak belirtilmeli]


Galeri

  • Loligo vulgaris
    Loligo vulgaris
  • Kalamar tava
    Kalamar tava

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Norman, Mark, (Ed.) (2003). Cephalopods: a world guide ; Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, Arctic, Antarctic ; over 800 photographs of cephalopods taken in their natural habitat. 2. rev. ed. Hackenheim: Conch Books. ISBN 978-3-925919-32-9. 
  2. ^ "ITIS". 30 Ekim 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Ağustos 2023. 
  3. ^ A study in jet propulsion
  4. ^ "Fact or Fiction: Can a Squid Fly out of Water?". 21 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Ocak 2015. 

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