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Kaynak azaltma

Kaynak azaltma, ürünlerin yaşam döngüsü boyunca hacim, kütle veya toksisitesini düşürmek için tasarlanmış etkinliklerdir. Minimum toksik içeriğe, minimum malzeme hacmine ve/veya daha uzun kullanım ömrüne sahip olan ürünlerin tasarımı ve üretimi, kullanımı ve imhasını kapsamaktadır.

Bu terim aynı şekilde hastalık taşıyıcı sivrisineklerin ürediği yerleri azaltmak veya ortadan kaldırmak için alınacak önlemleri ifade etmek için de kullanılmaktadır.[1][2]

Eş anlamlı

Kirliliğin önlenmesi ve toksik kullanımının azaltılması, tehlikeli maddelerin kaynağında kullanımını ele aldıkları için kaynak azaltma olarak da adlandırılır.

Örnekler

  • Yeniden kullanılabilir ambalaj - örneğin markette yeniden kullanılabilir alışveriş torbasının kullanılması ile tek kullanımlık poşete göre daha fazla malzeme kullanılmasına rağmen kullanım başına malzeme daha az olmaktadır.
  • Aşırı paketleme - Bazı ambalajlarda, ürünü muhafaza etmek ve korumak için gerekenden daha fazla malzeme kullanılır. Yeniden tasarlama çoğu zaman ambalajın boyutunu ve malzeme kullanımı azaltılabilir.

Prosedürler

Kaynak azaltımı, tasarım, üretim, kullanım, yeniden kullanım, geri dönüşüm ve çevresel açıdan tercih edilebilir satın almadaki iyileştirmeler yoluyla elde edilir. Yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi, çeşitli alternatifler ve seçenekler arasından seçim yapılmasına yardımcı olmak için faydalıdır.[3][4]

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kaynak azaltımı

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde Federal Ticaret Komisyonu, etiketleme beyanları için rehberlik sunmaktadır: "Kaynak azaltma" bir ürünün veya ambalajın ağırlığının, hacminin veya toksisitesinin azaltılması veya düşürülmesi anlamına gelir. Yanıltıcı olmaktan kaçınmak için, kaynak azaltma iddiaları, kaynak azaltma miktarını nitelendirmeli ve yapılan herhangi bir karşılaştırmanın temelini vermelidir. Bu ilkeler, "kaynağı azaltılmış" gibi bir terimin kullanılıp kullanılmadığına bakılmaksızın geçerlidir.

Massachusetts Zehirli Madde Kullanımını Azaltma Programı kaynak azaltımına ulaşmak için altı strateji sunmaktadır:

  • Zehirli kimyasal ikame
  • Üretim süreci değişikliği
  • Bitmiş ürünün yeniden formüle edilmesi
  • Üretim modernizasyonu
  • Operasyon ve bakımda iyileştirmeler
  • Üretim malzemesinin proses içi geri dönüşümü

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Guidelines on Source Reduction" (PDF). National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC). 29 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 1 Nisan 2024. 
  2. ^ "Source Reduction". Northern Nevada Public Health. 15 Ağustos 2023. 8 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2024. 
  3. ^ Zabaniotou, A; Kassidi (August 2003). "Life cycle assessment applied to egg packaging made from polystyrene and recycled paper". Journal of Cleaner Production. 11 (5): 549-559. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00076-8. 
  4. ^ Franklin (April 2004). "Life Cycle Inventory of Packaging Options for Shipment of Retail Mail-Order Soft Goods" (PDF). 17 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Aralık 2008. 

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