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Kleptokrasi

2021'de Yolsuzluk Algıları Endeksine göre ülkeler haritası.
Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü'ne göre ülkelerin 2021'deki Yolsuzluk Algıları Endeksi puanları haritası
  79'dan daha yüksek skor
  70 ile 79'a eşit veya arasında skor
  60 ile 69'a eşit veya arasında skor
  50 ile 59'a eşit veya arasında skor
  40 ile 49'a eşit veya arasında skor
  30 ile 39'a eşit veya arasında skor
  20 ile 29'a eşit veya arasında skor
  20'den daha alçak skor
  Bilinmeyen

Kleptokrasi ya da yağma düzeni, bir ülkede iktidarı ele geçiren bir ailenin ya da siyasal veya dini grubun, o ülkenin kaynaklarını sistemli olarak soyması demektir ve kısaca hırsızlar rejimi anlamına gelir. Demokrasinin bütün kurumlarıyla yerleşmediği ülkelerde görülen bu durum, o ülkelerin gelişmesinin önündeki en büyük engellerden biri olmaktadır.

Kleptokrasi'nin, Plütokrasi (Zenginlerin yönetimi) ve Oligarşi'den (Ayrıcalıklıların yönetimi) ayrılan bazı yönleri vardır. Kleptokrasi ile yönetilen bir ülkede yozlaşmış politikacılar, kendilerini hukukun üstünlüğünün dışında tutup; yandaş komisyonlar, rüşvetler ve özel ayrıcalıklar yoluyla, devlet fonlarını kendilerine ve ortaklarına yönlendirerek gizlice zenginleşirler. Bununla birlikte, kleptokratlar genellikle elde ettikleri kârlarının büyük kısmını, iktidarını kaybetme ihtimâline karşın, yurtdışı bankalarda muhafaza ederler.[1]

ABD doları olarak örnekler

Yolsuzluk karşıtı çalışmalarıyla tanınan Almanya merkezli Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, 2004 başlarında şu bilgileri veren bir rapor yayınladı:[2]

Kleptokrasinin sonuçları

Hırsızlar rejiminin egemen olduğu bir ülkede, yerli sanayi ve tarımsal üretim zayıflar ve iç pazar büyük sermaye gruplarına açılır. Siyasal alanda da insan haklarını çiğneyen, baskıcı bir yönetim kendini gösterir (düşük ücretler, rüşvetsiz iş yapmayan bir bürokrasi vb). Etnik milliyetçiliği, ırkçılığı ya da dini kullanarak geniş kitleleri yönlendirmeleri, bu tür yönetimlerin en karakteristik özellikleri arasındadır.[kaynak belirtilmeli]

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Acemoglu, Daron; Verdier, Thierry; Robinson, James A. (1 Mayıs 2004). 2-3"Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule". Journal of the European Economic Association. Oxford University Press. 24 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Ocak 2022. 
  2. ^ "Plundering politicians and bribing multinationals undermine economic development, says TI" (PDF) (İngilizce). Transparency International. 2004. 3 Eylül 2010 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2015. 

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