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Metadata

Metadata, metaveri ya da üst veri, bir kaynağın ya da verinin öğelerini tanımlayan bilgilerdir. Kısaca veri hakkında veri/bilgi olarak özetlenebilir. Pratikte kütüphanelerdeki kart kataloğu ya da bibliyografya ile benzerlik gösterirler. Kitapları birer veri kaynağı olarak düşünürsek kütüphane kartları nasıl kitaplar hakkında bilgi veriyorsa üst veri de data (veri) hakkında bilgi verir.[1]

Mesela Web sayfalarında HTML kodu içerisine eklenen meta etiketleri (İngilizce: tag) ile o sayfa hakkında ek bilgiler verilir. Ya da dijital fotoğraf makineleri ile çekilen fotoğraflarda, fotoğraf dosyası içerisine kaydedilen EXIF bilgileri (fotoğrafın çekildiği tarih, fotoğraf makinesinin markası, modeli ve ayarları, fotoğrafın çekildiği yerin GPS koordinatları vs.) birer üst veridır.[2]

Üst veri ve türleri

Üst veri kavramının en sık kullanılan tanımı "bilgi hakkında bilgi" olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kavrama ait literatürde birçok tanım yer almaktadır. Bu tanımlardan bazıları şöyledir:

  • "Üst veri, bir bilgi kaynağını tanımlayan, açıklayan, yerini belirten ya da yönetimini kolaylaştıran yapısallaştırılmış bilgidir."
  • "Belgenin içeriği, yaratıcısı, konusu ve yerleşimiyle ilgili bilgi vermekte, elektronik belgenin tanımlanmasını ve erişimini sağlamaktadır."

Tanımlar incelendiğinde üst verinin bilgiye daha kolay erişimimizi sağlayan bir bibliyografik tanımlama olduğunu rahatlıkla görebiliriz. Bu durumu örneklendirmek gerekirse bir katalog kartında yer alan bibliyografik bilgiler tanımladığı kaynağın üst verisidir.

  1. Tanımlayıcı üst veri: Elektronik kaynakların hem tanımlanmasında hem de erişiminde kullanılan kurucu, eser adı, özet, konu gibi bilgilerdir. Geleneksel bibliyografik kataloglama en benzer olanıdır. Mesela katalog kayıtları verilebilir.
  2. Yapısal üst veri: Elektronik kaynağı kullanılabilir ve gösterilebilir duruma getirmeye sağlayan bilgiyi içerir. İletişim programı, uygulama programı yazılım ve donanım özellikleri gibi bilgilerdir. Mesela HTML ve PDF verilebilir.
  3. Yönetimsel üst veri: Elektonik kaynakların yönetiminde kullanılabilecek bilgileri tanımlayan üst veridir. Kaynakla ilgili tarih bilgileri, dosya formatı gibi bilgiler içerir. Üst verinin entelektüel mülkiyet haklarıyla ilgilenen bir formudur.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Üst veri Kavramı", Bilgi Dünyası 2001, 2(2): 169-187, Mehmet Emin Küçük; Umut Al http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~umutal/publications/conceptofüst[ölü/kırık bağlantı] veri.pdf
  2. ^ Exchangeable image file format

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

  • Ergün, C.(2000): Metadata ve kütüphanelerde kullanımı. 13 Aralık 2015 tarihinde inet-tr.org.tr/inetconf8/bildiri/86.doc adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Adamcıl,F.(2007): Türkiye'deki üniversite kütüphanelerinde Metadata kullanımı. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Marmara Üniversite, İstanbul.
  • Alır, G.(2008): E-Türkiye uygulamaları:Elektronik belge yönetimi ve üst veri .(Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Soysal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.

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