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Politische Abteilung

Gusen toplama kampı'ndan Hollerith damgasıyla kaydedilmiş mahkum kimlik kartı

Politische Abteilung (Siyasi Departman), Toplama Kampları Müfettişliği (CCI) tarafından kampları işletmek üzere kurulan bir Nazi toplama kampının beş departmanından biriydi. Hem Gestapo'nun hem de kriminal polisin ileri karakolu olan siyasi departman, beşinin en önemlisi haline geldi.

Theodor Eicke, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler tarafından toplama kamplarını yönetecek bir sistem kurmak üzere atandı.[1] [2] Eicke, gardiyanlar ve mahkûmlar için düzenlemeler hazırladı ve kampı denetlemek için beş departman kurdu.

Beş departman şunlardı:

  • Abteilung I: Komuta karargahı
  • Abteilung II: Siyasi departman
  • Abteilung III: Önleyici gözaltı kampı
  • Abteilung IV Genel yönetim
  • Abteilung V: Tıbbi birim

1936 yazından itibaren Politische Abteilung, toplama kampı komuta yapısının zorunlu bir parçasıydı. Diğer departmanların aksine, Toplama Kampları Müfettişliği'ne bağlı değildi, daha ziyade yerel Gestapo ofisine veya Eylül 1939'dan sonra Reich Güvenlik Ana Ofisi'nin (RSHA) Amt IV'üne bağlıydı. Bölüm başkanı ve yardımcısı genellikle Gestapo veya Kripo'nun memurlarıydı veya Sicherheitsdienst'in (SD) üyeleriydi. Bölümün diğer çalışanları, teknik olarak aynı zamanda Gestapo subayları olan Waffen-SS üyeleriydi, ancak SS üyeleri olarak, komuta karargahına bağlı şirket olan Stabskompanie'ye ve dolayısıyla komutan ve emir subayının disiplin otoritesine bağlıydılar.

Politische Abteilung, belirli görevleri yerine getiren diğer beş veya altı bölüme ayrılmıştı. Örneğin Auschwitz'de Politische Abteilung şunlardan oluşuyordu:

  • Kimlik belgeleri
  • Soruşturmalar
  • Sorgulamalar
  • İstihbarat teşkilatı
  • Gözetim
  • Kamp kayıt memuru (bazen krematoryumun denetimiyle birlikte)

Kamp kayıt memuru, mahkûmların kabul edildikleri ve ayrıldıkları zaman (serbest bırakma, nakil, firar veya ölüm yoluyla) kayıtlarını tutuyordu.[3] Mahkûm dosyaları oluşturuldu, portre fotoğrafları çekildi, fiziksel tanımları not edildi, mahkûmun hayatıyla ilgili kısa ayrıntılar ve parmak izleri dosyalandı.

Politische Abteilung ayrıca kampların polis işlerini de üstlendi ve bu işi yine belirli alt bölümlere ayırdı. İzleme servisi mahkûmların kimlik belgelerini hazırlıyor, bir diğeri soruşturma ve sorgulamaları yürütüyor, üçüncüsü ise mahkûmların gözetimini üstleniyordu.[3] Buna gizli kamp direniş gruplarına karşı mücadele ve kaçışın önlenmesi de dahildi. Departman sert sorgulamaları, işkenceleri ve infazlarıyla tanınıyordu ve bu departmanın SS üyelerinden mahkûmlar korkuyordu.[4] Bölüm ayrıca Gestapo, Kripo ve RSHA ile yazışmaları da yürütüyordu. Bir mahkûm için siyasi departman, bir toplama kampının acımasız dünyasında çalışmak için nispeten hoş bir yer anlamına gelebilir veya işkence ve infaz anlamına gelebilir.[5]

  1. ^ Buchheim 1968.
  2. ^ Longerich 2012.
  3. ^ a b Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum (Editors), "Anatomy of the Auschwitz death camp" Indiana University Press (1998) p. 272. 0-253-20884-X Retrieved May 16, 2010
  4. ^ "The Language of the Camps" 16 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Jewish genealogy website affiliated with the Jewish Heritage Museum. Retrieved May 16, 2010
  5. ^ Dr. Gideon Greif, "Eine Lebensreise durch Konzentrationslager (A Journey of Life through a Concentration Camp)" 14 Şubat 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Book review about a biography of Dagmar Ostermann, an Auschwitz survivor. Yad Vashem, official website. Retrieved May 16, 2010

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