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Roger Bacon

Roger Bacon
Tam adıRoger Bacon
Doğumuy. 1219/20[n 1]
Ilchester, Somerset, İngiltere
Ölümüy. 1292[2][3] (yaklaşık 72 yaşında)
Oxford, Oxfordshire, İngiltere
Milliyetiİngiliz
Alma materOxford Üniversitesi
ÇağıOrta Çağ felsefesi
BölgesiBatı felsefesi
OkuluSkolastik felsefe
İlgi alanlarıTeoloji
Doğa felsefesi
Önemli fikirleriDeneysel bilim
Etkilendikleri
Etkiledikleri

Roger Bacon (1219/1220 - 1292), İngiliz bilim insanı, filozof ve Fransisken rahibi.[6]

"Deneysel bilim" yolunda çaba harcamış olan Bacon, çağdaş bilimin deneysel yaklaşımının tarihsel bakımdan erken olgunlaşmış bir temsilcisi olarak kabul edilir. İnsanın bilgisizliğinin nedenleri üzerinde duran Bacon, otoriteye dayanmanın, geleneğin etkisinin, önyargıların ve kişinin cehaletini saklayan sözde bilgeliğin, insanı hakikate ulaşmaktan alıkoyduğunu söylemiştir.

Özgür fikirleri yüzünden otorite ve din adamlarıyla sürekli tartışmalar yaşadığı için 14 yıl hapis yattı. Hristiyan olmayanlardan (özellikle Araplardan) birçok şey öğrenilebileceğini söyledi. Ona göre İbn-i Sina Aristoteles'den sonraki en büyük filozoftu.

Empirik fikrinin ilk savunucusu olduğu kabul edilir.

Felsefenin görevinin insanı Tanrı'nın bilgisine götürmek ve O'nun hizmetine koşmak olduğunu dile getiren Bacon, matematiğe özel bir önem vermiş ve matematiği tüm bilimlerin anahtarı olarak kabul etmiştir. Zamanının bilimiyle ahlakına yoğun eleştiriler yöneltmiş olan Bacon, tümevarım ve tümdengelimden meydana geldiğini söylediği bilimsel yöntem konusunda önemli katkılar yapmıştır.

Roger Bacon'un anlayışına göre gerçeğin önünde engeller bulunmaktadır. Bu engellerin cehaletin nedenleri olduğunu savundu. Opus Majus adlı eserinde bunu dile getirdi. Bu engeller aşağıdaki şekilde sıralanabilir:

  • Otoriteye bağlılık
  • Skolastik gelenek
  • Eğitim yetersizliği
  • İnsanların cahilliklerini gizleme tutumları.

Bacon, aynı zamanda otoriteye bağlılık ve aşırı güvenin bilimsel bilgi için büyük tehlike olduğunu savunur.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Charles Scribner's Sons. 2008. 11 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Şubat 2019. 
  2. ^ EB (1878), s. 220.
  3. ^ ODNB (2004).
  4. ^ Jeremiah Hackett (ed.), Roger Bacon and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1996, BRILL, 1997, p. 277 n. 1.
  5. ^ Tom Sorell (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 155 n. 93.
  6. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 5 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2015. 

Dış bağlantılar

  1. ^ In a 1267 statement from Opus tertium, Bacon claimed that it was forty years since he had learned the alphabet and that for all but two of these he had been "in studio." Assuming that Bacon started his education at age seven or eight, Crowley estimated his birthdate to be 1219 or 1220.[1]

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