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Sıvı oksijen

Sıvı oksijen (İngilizce: liquid oxygen (Lox)) element halinde bulunan oksijenin fiziksel olarak sıvı halde bulunan çeşididir. Genellikle havacılık ve uzay, denizaltı ve gaz sanayinde kullanılır.

Fiziksel özellikleri

Sıvı oksijen açık mavi renktedir ve güçlü bir paramanyetik özelliği vardır. Güçlü bir nal mıknatısın etkisi ile kutuplarına ayrılabilir.[1] Sıvı oksijen 1.141 g/cm³ (1.141 kg/L or 1141 kg/m³) yoğunluğa sahiptir ve kaynama noktası 101.325 kPa (760 mmHg) da 90.19 K (−297.33 °F, −182.96 °C) ve donma noktası 54.36 K (−361.82  °F, −222.65 °C) dir. Sıvı oksijenin genleşme oranı 1 atm ve 20 °C de 1:861[2] dir ve bu özelliği sayesinde askeri ve ticari olarak hava taşıtlarında taşınabilir solunabilir oksijen kaynağı olarak kullanılır. Kriyojenik doğası yüzünden sıvı oksijenin temas ettiği cisimler çok kırılgan bir hal alır. Ayrıca sıvı oksijen çok güçlü bir oksitleyicidir. Bu yüzden temas ettiği organik maddeler çabucak yanar. Sıvı azot oksijenden daha düşük kaynama noktasına sahiptir.

Kullanımı

Ticari olarak sıvı oksijen sınai ve tıbbi gaz olarak sanayide ve tıbbi amaçlarla kullanılır. Sıvı oksijen doğal olarak havada bulunan oksijenin ayrımsal damıtma yöntemiyle elde edilmesiyle yapılır. Sıvı oksijen kriyojenik sıvı oksitleyici olarak uzay araçlarının iticilerinde sıvı hidrojen, kerosen ya da metan|[3] karışımıyla beraber kullanılır. İlk füze örneklerinden olan Alman yapımı V-2, Redstone, R-7 Semyorka ve Apollo Saturn Füzesinde kullanıldı. Ayrıca ilk örnek KABFlerde de kullanıldı ama günümüzde kriyojenik özelliği yüzünden pek tercih edilmemektedir.

Tarihi

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ John W. Moore; Conrad L. Stanitski; Peter C. Jurs (21 Ocak 2009). Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science. Cengage Learning. ss. 297-. ISBN 978-0-495-39079-4. 5 Ocak 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ocak 2015. 
  2. ^ Cryogenic Safety. chemistry.ohio-state.edu.
  3. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 11 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ocak 2015. 
  4. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 3 Kasım 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ocak 2015. 

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