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Varberg

Varberg
Varberg Kalesi'nden kentin görünümü.
Varberg arması
Arma
İlHalland ili
BölgeHalland
Yüzölçümü
 • Toplam24,61 km²
Nüfus
 (2019)
 • Toplam35.782
 • Yoğunluk1,454/km²
Zaman dilimiUTC+01.00
Resmî site
varberg.se

Varberg, İsveç'in güneybatı kuşağında bulunan bir kenttir. Şehir, deniz kıyısında engebeli bir arazi üzerine kuruludur. Kent, tüm Halland bölgesinde olduğu gibi kumlu sahillere sahiptir. Varberg, bu bağlamda bölgede turistik olarak ilgi çeken yerlerden biridir.

Coğrafya

Varberg, engebeli düzlüklere sahip bir arazide kuruludur. Yeşil alanlardan ve ağaçlardan yoksun olan bölgede, kayalık alanlara ve kumullara rastlanır. Ünlü İsveçli yazar Esaias Tegnér, 1826 yılında bu konuda kenti, ülkenin en az cazip yeri olarak tanımlamıştır. Ancak kumlu sahiller yazın yine de turistik açıdan ilgi çekmektedir. Varberg'in bir başka coğrafi özelliği, doğal sınırlara sahip olmasıdır. Kıyı boyunca yapılan yirmi dakikalık bir yolculuk sırasında farklı türden arazi yapıları görülebilmektedir.

Tarih

Nils Kreuger tarafından 1898 yılında yapılan ve kentteki Håsten Tepesi'ni betimleyen bir tablo.

Kentin adı tarihi yazıtlarda Wardbergh (Türkçe: Gözetleme tepesi) olarak geçmektedir. Aynı adla inşa edilen kent kalesi ise 1280'lere kadar uzanan bir tarihe sahip olup, dönemin Danimarka akınlarından korunmak için yapılmıştır. Kent yakınlarında yer alan Getakärr adlı yerleşke, kalenin 1 km kuzeyinde kurulu olup, 14. yüzyılda kalenin adını alarak Varberg adını almıştır. 15. yüzyılda 5 km kuzeye taşınan kasaba, 17. yüzyılda ise yıkıldı. Bunun hemen ardından kent, kalenin olduğu bugünkü topraklara taşındı.

1645 yılında imzalanan Brömsebro Antlaşması ile Halland bölgesinin Danimarka'dan İsveç'e otuz yıllık bir döneme mahsus geçmesiyle aynı dönemde, kentin yaklaşık 600 nüfusu vardı. 1658 yılında imzalanan Roskilde Antlaşması ile bugünkü şeklini alan bölge, tamamen İsveç'e geçti. 1666 yılında baştan sona yanan kent, 1863 yılında ikinci kez yandı. Bu afetlerden sonra evler baştan sonra taş ve tuğladan inşa edildi. 1890 yılında kentin nüfusu 4,000'e ulaştı ve sanayileşmenin de etkisiyle 1930'da 8,500'e kadar yükseldi. Birçok tarihi yapının günümüze kadar ulaştığı kentte, 1970'lerde yeniden düzenleme çalışmaları yapıldı.

Turizm

Kentte yer alan kent kalesi turistik açıdan en çok dikkat çeken yapıdır. Başta kale olarak inşa edilen yapıda günümüzde farklı amaçlar için eklenmiş yeni bölümler mevcuttur. Yine kentin yanında yer alan Varberg Radyo İstasyonu, 127 metre yüksekliğe sahip olup, UNESCO tarafından çevresiyle beraber Dünya Mirası listesine eklenmiştir. Bunların dışında şehirdeki sahiller yazın ilgi çekmekte ve turistik değer taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

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