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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra-pradesh — Hindiston shtati. Hindiston yarim orol sharqida, Bengaliya qoʻltigʻi sohilida, 1956-yil telugu (andhra) xalqi yashaydigan viloyatlardan tashkil qilingan. Maydoni 277 ming km². Aholisi 66,4 mln. kishi (1991). Aholisining asosiy qismi hinduizm dinida; musul-monlar 10% chamasida. Maʼmuriy markazi va eng yirik shahri — Haydarobod. Mamlakatning muhim dehqonchilik rayoni. Asosan Dekan yassi togʻligida joylash-gan. Sohil qismi pasttekislik. Shimolida Gat togʻlari tarmoqlari bor (bal. 1680 m). Iqlimi tropik mussonli. Yogʻin asosan yozda yogʻadi. Aholining 70%dan koʻprogʻi dehqonchilik bilan mashgʻul. Yerlar mayda dehqonlar qoʻlida. 10-11 mln. ga yer (shtat maydonining 40% chasi) ishga solingan. Shundan 1/4 qismi sugʻoriladi. Asosiy oziq-ovqat ekini — sholi. Shtat tamaki, kanakunjut yetishtirishda yetakchi oʻrinda. Shuningdek shakarqamish, yer yongʻoq, paxta va boshqa ekiladi. Chorvachilik yor-damchi ahamiyatga ega (qoramol, asosan ot-ulov oʻrnida ishlatiladi). Shtatning yer osti boyliklari anchagina boʻlsa ham, koʻp qismi ishga solinmagan. Vishakhapatnam shahri yaqinida marganes, Nelluru viloya-ti yaqinida slyuda, Singareni shahri yonida koʻmir qazib chiqariladi. Grafit konlari mavjud. Vishakhapatnamda kemasozlik korxonasi va neft zavodi, oziq-ovqat va toʻqimachilik korxonalari, qogʻoz fabrikasi, sement zavodlari bor. Kimyo-farmatsev-tika preparatlari ishlab chiqariladi. Oʻrmon boyliklaridan foydalaniladi. Hunarmandchilik rivojlangan. Andhra-pradesha temir yoʻl transporta yaxshi rivojlangan. Aso-siy dengiz portlari — Vishakhapatnam (mamlakatning asosiy portlaridan biri), Kakinada, Machilipatnamdir.

Adabiyotlar

  • OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil

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