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Iosif Stalin

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin
იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე სტალინი
Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин
Tavalludi 18-dekabr 1878-yil
Vafoti 5-mart 1953-yil(1953-03-05)
(74 yoshda)
Moskva yaqinida, RSFSR
Fuqaroligi Rossiya Imperiyasi[1][2], Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic va SSSR[3][4]
Otasi Besarion Jughashvili
Onasi Keke Geladze

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (gurjicha: იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე ჯუღაშვილი, Ioseb Besarionis dze Jugʻashvili, ruscha: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин; 18-dekabr, 1878[5] — 5-mart, 1953) SSRI Bosh vaziri, Sovet Ittifoqi Kommunistik Partiyasi Bosh kotibi boʻlgan.

Millati gruzin boʻlgan Stalinning haqiqiy ism-sharifi Ioseb Jugʻashvili boʻlib, uni qisqacha Soso deb chaqirishar edi. Oktabr inqilobiga qadar Jugʻashvili koʻp taxallus va partiya laqablaridan foydalangan. Asosan Besoshvili, Nijeradze, Chijikov, Ivanovich; eng mashhuri — Koba. „Stalin“ taxallusining kelib chiqishi bahsli: baʼzilar uni ruscha „stal“ („stal“ — poʻlat), boshqalar esa adib E. Stalinski sharifidan ilhomlangan deyishadi.

Siyosan noʻnoq Stalin hukumat tepasiga hamkorlari Grigoriy Zinovyov va Lev Kamenev hamda kotiblari Lev Mexlis, Ivan Tovstuxa va Boris Bajanov yordamida keldi[6].

STALIN (Jugashvili) Iosif Vissarionovich (laqabi — Koba, Coco va boshqalar) (1878, Gruziyaning Gori shahri — 1953.5.3, Moskva) — SSSR rahbari. Etikdoʻz oilasida tugʻilgan. Gori diniy bilim yurtini tugatgach (1894), Tiflis diniy seminariyasida oʻqigan (inqilobiy faoliyati uchun 1899-yil haydalgan). 1898-yil RSDRP tarkibidagi Gruziya „Mesamedasi“ sotsial-demokratik tashkilotiga kirgan. 1902—1913-yillarda 6 marta qamaldi, surgun qilindi, 4 marta qamoq va surgundan qochdi. 1903-yildan bolsheviklarga qoʻshildi. 1907-yilda RSDRP Boku komitetining rahbarlaridan biri. V. I. Lenin tarafdori, uning tashabbusi bilan 1912-yilda RSDRP MK va MK Rus byurosiga kooptatsiya qilingan (sirtdan kiritilgan). 1917-yil „Pravda“ gazetasi tahrir hayʼati, RSDRP (b) MK Siyosiy byurosi, Harbiy-inqilobiy markaz aʼzosi. 1917-1922-yillarda millatlar ishi boʻyicha xalq komissari, ayni vaqtda 1919—1922-yillarda davlat nazorati xalq komissari, 1918-yildan Rossiya Harbiy inqilobiy kengashi aʼzosi. 1922-1953-yillar partiya MK Bosh kotibi.

20-yillarda partiya va davlatda yetakchi boʻlish uchun kurash davomida, partiya apparati va siyosiy fitnalardan foydalanib, partiyaga bosh boʻlib oldi va mamlakatda mustabid rejimni oʻrnatdi. Mamlakatni jadal industrlashtirish va majburiy kollektivlashtirish siyosatini oʻtkazdi. 20-yillarning oxiri — 30-yillarda haqiqiy va gumon qilingan raqiblarini yoʻq qildi. Ommaviy terror tashabbuskori boʻldi. 30 yillarning oxiridan fashistlar Germaniyasi bilan yaqinlashish siyosatini tutdi (qarang Sovet-German bitimlari (1939)), bu hol Ikkinchi jahon urushida xalq fojiasiga olib keldi. 1941-yildan SSSR XKS (Ministrlar Soveti) raisi. Urush yillarida S. Davlat Mudofaa komiteti raisi, Mudofaa xalq, komissari, Oliy Bosh Qoʻmondon. 1946—1947-yillarda SSSR Qurolli Kuchlari vaziri. Sovet Ittifoqi Marshali (1943), generalissimus (1945). Urush yillarida S. AQSh Prezidenti F.D. Ruzvelt va Buyuk Britaniya Bosh vaziri U. Cherchill bilan birga gitlerchilarga qarshi harbiy ittifoq (koalitsiya) tuzdi. Urush tugagandan soʻng u „jahon sotsialistik tizimi“ni yaratishning gʻoyaviy rahnomasi va amaliyotchisi boʻlib qoldi, bu hol „sovuq urush“ hamda SSSR bilan AQSh oʻrtasidagi harbiy-siyosiy qaramaqarshilikni keltirib chiqargan va qurollanish poygasini kuchaytirgan.

Marksizm va milliy masala“ (1912), „Oktabr revolyutsiyasi va rus kommunistlarining taktikasi“ (1924), „Leninizm asoslari toʻgʻrisida“ (1924), „Buyuk burilish yili“ (1929). „Dialektik va tarixiy materializm toʻgʻrisida“ (1938), „Marksizm va tilshunoslik masalalari“ (1950) va boshqa asarlarida oʻz siyosatini nazariy asoslashga uringan. S. tiriklik chogʻida, xuddi Lenin singari uning qarashlari mutlaqlashtirildi, faoliyati va shaxsiy hayoti ilohiylashtirildi. KPSSning 20sʼyezdi (1956)da N.S. Xrushchyov Stalin shaxsiga sigʻinishni va uning faoliyatini keskin qoraladi. Keyinchalik mamlakatning kommunistik rahbarlari Stalinni siyosiy reabilitatsiya qilishga bir necha bor urindilar.

Stalin oʻz siyosiy faoliyatida Turkiston va Oʻzbekistonda sotsializm asoslarini zoʻravonlik bilan joriy etish yoʻllarini qoʻllagan. Buxoro boskinitl amalga oshirish uchun harbiy ishlar xalq komissari L. D. Trotskiyga „Frunze retseptiga koʻra zoʻrlik bilan harakat qiling“, deb tayinlagan (1920-yil avgust). Turkiston ASSR rahbarlarini „bosmachilik“ka qarshi murosasiz kurash olib bormaganlikda ayblagan. Keyinchalik A. Ikromov, F. Xoʻjayev, S. Segizboyev, boshqa davlat va jamoat arboblari S.ning koʻrsatmasi bilan qatagʻon qilingan. Jasadi dastlab Moskva Qizil maydonidagi maqbaraga (V.I. Lenin yoniga) qoʻyilgan. KPSS 22-sʼyezdi qarori bilan esa maqbara orqasiga dafn etilgan (1961-yil noyabr).

Adabiyotlar

  • Rejim lichnoy vlasti Stalina. K istorii formirovaniya, M., 1989; Istoriya i stalinizm, M., 1991; Oʻzbekistonning yangi tarixi. 2kitob [Oʻzbekiston sovet mustamlakachiligi davrida], T., 2000.

Manbalar

  1. (unspecified title)
  2. (unspecified title)
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  5. Bu sana Goridagi Iosif Jugʻashvili taʼlim olgan Uspenskiy cherkovi qaydlaridan olingan. 1921-yilgacha Stalin tugʻilgan kunini 18-dekabr, 1878, deb oʻz qoʻli bilan yozib koʻrsatgan. Biroq 1922-yili hukumat tepasiga kelib, Stalin tugʻilgan sanasini 21-dekabr, 1879, qilib oʻzgartirgan. „Prominent figures“. State and Power in Russia. Qaraldi: 19-iyul 2008-yil.
  6. Boris Bajanov. Vospominaniya bivshego sekretarya Stalina

Havolalar



Andoza:SSSR davlat rahbarlari

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