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Jamiyat

Jamiyatni rivojlanishi(lotincha: socium — „umumiy“) — kishilarning tarixan qaror topgan hamkorlik faoliyatlari majmui hisoblanadi. Jamiyatdagi hamma narsa (moddiy va maʼnaviy boyliklar, insonlar hayoti uchun zarur boʻlgan shart-sharoitlarni yaratish va boshqalar) muayyan faoliyat jarayonida amalga oshadi. Insonlar faoliyati va ular oʻrtasidagi ijtimoiy munosabatlar Jamiyatning asosiy mazmunini tashkil etadi. Bular ishlab chiqarish, oilaviy, siyosiy, huquqiy, axloqiy, diniy, estetik faoliyatlari va ularga moye keluvchi munosabatlardir. Jamiyat moddiy ishlab chiqarishsiz boʻlmaydi. Unda insonlarning oziq-ovqat, kiyim-kechak, uy-joy va boshqaga boʻlgan ehtiyojlari qondiriladi. Jamiyatda jamiyatning tabiat bilan oʻzaro taʼsiri namoyon boʻladi. Odamlar oʻzining moddiy ishlab chiqarish faoliyatida irodasi va ongiga bogʻliq boʻlmagan holda ishlab chiqarish munosabatlariga kirishadi. Jamiyat taraqqiyoti tabiiy-tarixiy, qonuniy jarayondir. Moddiy ishlab chiqarish Jamiyatning ijtimoiy tuzilishi, yaʼni muayyan ijtimoiy qatlam, toifa va guruhlarning rivojlanishiga bevosita taʼsir koʻrsatadi. Jamiyatda turli qatlam va toifalarning mavjudligi mehnat taqsimoti, shuningdek, ishlab chiqarish vositalariga boʻlgan mulkchilik munosabatlari, jamiyatda yaratilgan moddiy boyliklardan oladigan ulushiga bogʻliq. Bular Jamiyatdagi kishilarning faoliyati hamda daromadiga qarab turli kasbiy va ijtimoii guruhlarga ajralishining negizidir. Jamiyat hayoti iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy, siyosiy, madaniy-maʼnaviy sohalarga ajraladi. Iqtisodiy soha moddiy boyliklarni ishlab chiqarish, taqsimlash, ayirboshlash va isteʼmol qilishni oʻz ichiga oladi. Unda mamlakatning xoʻjalik hayoti tashkil etiladi, uning turli tarmoqlarining oʻzaro bogʻlikligi hamda xalqaro iqtisodiy hamkorlik amalga oshiriladi Bu jamiyat taraqqiyoti uchun eng asosiy sohadir. Ijtimoiy soha jamiyat dagi ijtimoiy guruhlar, tabaqalar, toifalar hamda milliy birliklar, ularning ijtimoiy hayoti va faoliyatini uygʻunlashtiradi (qarang Ijtimoiy guruhlar). Siyosiy soha turli ijtimoiy toifa va guruhlar, milliy birliklar, siyosiy partiyalar va harakatlar, jamoat tashkilotlarning oʻz siyosiy faoliyatini amalga oshiruvchi makondir. Ularning faoliyati Jamiyatdagi oʻrnatilgan siyosiy munosabatlar asosida oʻz siyosiy manfaatlarini amalga oshirishga qaratiladi (qarang Jamiyatning siyosiy tizimi). Maʼnaviy sohada kishilar turli maʼnaviy qadriyatlarni yaratadi, tarqatadi va Jamiyatning turli qatlamlari tomonidan oʻzlashtiriladi. Bu soxaga adabiyot, sanʼat, musiqa asarlari bilan bir qatorda kishilarning bilim saviyasi, fan, axloqiy meʼyor va umuman olganda, Jamiyathayotining maʼnaviy mazmunini tashkil qiluvchi narsalar kiradi (qarang Maʼnaviyat).

Hozir Oʻzbekistonda Jamiyat taraqqiyotining eng asosiy muammosi insonlarning, ayniqsa yosh avlodning maʼnaviy dunyosini shakllantirish va boyitish, ularni istiqlol mafkurasi asosida tarbiyalash, oʻzbek xalqining boy madaniy va maʼnaviy merosi, qadriyatlari, anʼanalari va urf-odatlarini egallashlari uchun shart-sharoit yaratishdir. Oʻzbekistonda fuqarolik, huquqiy, demokratik, dunyoviy jamiyat barpo etilmoqda.<ref>Abdulhay Valiyev. OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</referat>

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