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Oq tut

Oq tut

Yetilgan tut daraxtining yil fasllaridagi turli koʻrinishi. Germaniya
Oila: Tut
Sinonimlari
  • Morus atropurpurea Roxb.
  • Morus chinensis Lodd. ex Loudon
  • Morus intermedia Perr.
  • Morus latifolia Poir.
  • Morus multicaulis (Perr.) Perr.

Oq tut (lotincha: Mórus álba) – shifobaxsh daraxt. Tut daraxti jinsiga mansub tur. Bu oʻsimlikning yana bir nomlari tut[1], tyutina[2].

Tavsifi

Botanik tasviri

Balandligi – 15–18 m gacha boʻlgan keng bargli daraxt. Magistral va yirik shoxlari kulrang-jigarrang qobiq bilan qoplangan. Barglari – keng tuxumsimon, uzunligi 5–15 sm. Ular ikki turdagi kurtaklar ustida joylashgan: choʻzilgan vegetativ va qisqartirilgan mevali. Gullari bir jinsli boʻlib, toʻpgullarda toʻplanadi. Aprel-may oylarida gullaydi, mevalari may-iyun oylarida pishadi. Mevasining uzunligi 4 sm, silindrsimon, oq yoki rangli pushti yoki qizil rangli donachalardan iborat. Taʼmi ayrimlari achchiq, ayrimlari shirin boʻladi. Odatda meva yangi uzilgan paytida isteʼmol qilinadi.

Keng tarqalishi va ekologiyasi

Oq tut shoxi. S. M. Prokudin-Gorskiy surati (1909—1915)

Oq tut Xitoyning sharqiy mintaqalaridan keladi. Tut Xitoydan Oʻrta Osiyo, Afgʻoniston, Shimoliy Hindiston, Pokiston, Eron va Kavkazortiga yoyildi. Taxminan VI asrda Gruziyada paydo boʻlgan, Yevropada XII asrdan beri maʼlum, Amerikada – XVI asrdan, XVII asrda Moskvada yetishtirilgan, ammo iqlim bu uchun juda sovuqlik qildi va tut yetishtirish Quyi Volga va Shimoliy Kavkazga koʻchirildi[3].

Hindiston, Afgʻoniston va Erondan Ispaniya va Portugaliyaga keng tarqalgan. U XX asrning oʻrtalarida SSSRning Yevropa qismining janubida qurgʻoqchilikka qarshi kurash va oʻrmon boshpanalarini yaratish boʻyicha agrooʻrmonchilik ishlarini amalga oshirish bilan bogʻliq holda keng tarqaldi. Yovvoyi oʻsimlik sifatida Primoryeda (Xasan tumanida, Razdolnaya, Partizanskaya, Kievka, Arsenyevka va boshqa daryolar vodiylari boʻylab) keng tarqalgan[4]. Tut novdasi tez oʻsadi. Issiqlikka, qurgʻoqchilikka, tuproqqa chidamli, lekin unumdor chuqur qumli va qumloq tuproqlarni, ayniqsa ohakni afzal koʻradi. Urugʻlari vegetativ yoʻl bilan koʻpaytiriladi. Yumaloq kurtak hosil qiladi[4].

Maʼnosi va qoʻllanishi

Tibbiyotda qoʻllanishi

Poyasi va ildizlari suvli qaynatma shaklida yoʻtal, bronxit, bronxial astma, ekspektoran, siydik haydovchi, shuningdek epilepsiya va gipertenziya uchun ishlatiladi. Yangi barglarning sharbati tish ogʻrigʻining oldini oladi. Yangi uzilgan mevalar oshqozon va oʻn ikki barmoqli ichak yarasi uchun ishlatiladi. Tut mevasidan tayyorlangan sirop (doshab) yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarida, kamqonlikda , tugʻruqdan keyingi davrda, bachadondan qon ketishda, eshakyem va skarlatina kassalliklarida gemostatik vosita sifatida ishlatiladi.

Qishloq xoʻjaligida qoʻllanishi

Qishloq xoʻjaligida tutning barglaridan ipak qurtiga ozuqa sifatida foydalanadi[5].

Yogʻochni qayta ishlash sanoatida qoʻllanishi

Tut daraxtidan uy hunarmandchiligi, musiqa asboblari va idish-tovoqlar yasashda ishlatiladi. 2011-yildan beri Rossiyada tut daraxtini kesish taqiqlangan[6].

Manbalar

  1. Lekarstvennie rasteniya v narodnoy meditsine, 1991, s. 406, ISBN 5-7633-0390-3
  2. „тютина — Викисловарь“ (ru). ru.wiktionary.org. 2021-yil 14-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 14-sentyabr.
  3. Вехов В. Н. и др.. Культурные растения СССР. М.: Мысль, 1978 — 76-bet. 
  4. 4,0 4,1 Усенко 1984.
  5. Работнов 1951.
  6. Prikaz Roslesxoza ot 05.12.2011 № 513 „Ob utverjdenii Perechnya vidov (porod) derevev i kustarnikov, zagotovka drevesini kotorix ne dopuskaetsya“

Adabiyotlar

  • Гаммерман А. Ф., Кадаев Г. Н., Яценко-Хмелевский А. А.. Лекарственные растения : справ. пособие. М.: Высш. шк., 1983 — 314—315-bet. 
  • Rabotnov T. A. Kormovie rasteniya senokosov i pastbiщ SSSR : v 3 t. / pod red. I. V. Larina. – M. ; L. : Selxozgiz, 1951. – T. 2 : Dvudolnie (Xlorantovie – Bobovie). – S. 63—64. – 948 s. – 10 000 ekz.
  • Усенко Н. В.. Деревья, кустарники и лианы Дальнего Востока. Хабаровское книжное издательство, 1984 — 91-bet. 

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