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Ukrain tili

Ukrain tili
Milliy nomi українська мова
Mamlakatlar Ukraina Ukraina
Rossiya Rossiya
Polsha Polsha
Kanada Kanada
Belarus Belarus
Qoʻshma Shtatlar AQSh
Vengriya Mojariston
Rasmiylik holati Ukraina
Soʻzlashuvchilarning umumiy soni ~43-47 mln
Oʻrni 22.[1] - 27.[2]
Turkumlanishi
Til oilasi Hindyevropa
Alifbosi kirill
Til kodlari
ISO 639-1 uk
ISO 639-2 ukr
ISO 639-3 ukr

Ukrain tili — hindevropa tillari oilasidagi slavyan guruhiga mansub sharqiy slavyan tillaridan biri. Asosan, Ukrainada, shuningdek, Belarus Respublikasi va Rossiya Federatsiyasining Ukrainaga koʻshni viloyatlarida, Kuban va Uzok, Sharqda, Polsha, Slovakiya, Serbiya, Kanada, AQSH, Argentina, Avstraliya va boshqa mamlakatlarda tarqalgan. Soʻzlashuvchilarning umumiy soni 46 mln., jumladan, Ukrainaning oʻzida 38 mln., Rossiya Federatsiyasida 4,5 mln., Oʻzbekistonda 150 ming, AQSH va Kanadaning har birida 500 ming kishidan ortiq (20-asrning oxirlari).

Ukrain tili

Ukrain tilining 3 asosiy laxjasi bor: janubi-sharqiy (oʻrta dneprboʻyi, slobojan, dashtchoʻl shevalari); janubi-gʻarbiy (volinpodolsk, galichbukovina va karpat shevalari) va shimoliy (chapqirgʻoq, oʻngqirgʻoq, volinpolesye shevalari). Hozirgi adabiy tili, asosan, janubi-sharkiy laxja asosida shakllangan.

Ukrain tilining boshqa slavyan tillaridan farklanuvchi belgilari: fonetika sohasida — tiloldi i tovushining nisbatan tilorqa i tovushidan farqlanishi, yopiq boʻgʻinlarda oldingi o, ye, tovushlarining i ga aylanishi; morfologiya sohasida — chaqiriq kelishigining mavjudligi, erkak jinedagi otlarda joʻnalish va oʻrin kelishiklarining oʻziga xos qoʻshimchalari, sifat shakllarining qisqarishi; sintaksis sohasida — oʻzgarmas feʼl shaklli shaxesiz gaplarning qoʻllanishi va boshqa

Adabiy Ukrain tilining rivojlanish tarixi 2 bosqichdan iborat: qadimgi Ukrain tili (14-asr — 18-asr oʻrtalari) va hozirgi Ukrain tili (18-asr oxiridan). Qadimgi Ukrain tilida yuridik va boshqa rasmiy xujjatlar, ilmiy nasr, turli janrlardagi badiiy adabiyot yaratilgan va saqlanib qolgan. Qad. Ukrain tilining adabiy meʼyorlari L. Zizaniyaning grammatikasi va lugati (1596)da ham oʻz aksini topgan. Hozirgi adabiy Ukrain tili Ukrainada I. Kotlyarevskiy va 18-asr oxiri — 19-asr boshlaridagi boshqa yozuvchilar asarlarining maydonga kelishi bilan barqarorlashgan. Hozirgi adabiy Ukrain tili tarixida T. G. Shevchenko ijodi ulkan rol oʻynadi. T.Shevchenko umumxalq soʻzlashuv tili negizida umummilliy adabiy Ukrain tiliga asos soddi.

Oʻtgan asrning 20-yillarida adabiy Ukrain tilida jiddiy uzgarishlar sodir boʻddi. Ukrain tili Ukraina aholisi turli tabaqalarining ijtimoiy va madaniy hayotida keng qoʻllana boshladi, publitsistik, ilmiy va rasmiy uslublarning tez rivojlanishini taʼminladi. 50-yillarda lisoniy meʼyorlardagi va bir qancha fanlar terminologiyalaridagi boshboshdokliklarga barham berildi. Shu vaqtdan boshlab adabiy Ukrain tili meʼyorlari rivojida yangi bosqich boshlandi. Keyingi yillarda Ukrain tilida roʻy bergan meʼyoriy oʻzgarishlar, yangi meʼyoriy variantlar "Ukrain tili lugati"da (1 — 11j.lar, 1970—80) oʻz aksini topali.

Ukrain tiliga kdsimgi rus yozuvi (kirillitsa) meros boʻlib oʻtgan. Eng qad. yozma yodgorliklari: yuridik hujjatlar (14— 15-asrlar), diniypandnoma mazmundagi asarlar (16-asr) va boshqa

Ukrain alifbosi

А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Д д Е е
Є є Ж ж З з И и І і Ї ї Й й
К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р
С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц
Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ь ь Ю ю Я я

Manbalar

  1. ↑ [1].
  2. ↑ [2].



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