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Xriseida

Xriseida (qadimgi yunoncha: Χρυσηΐς) — mifologik personaj, Gomerning „Iliada“ poemasi syujetidagi markaziy shaxslardan biri. Xriseida — „otasining ismi“, otasining taxallusi, Apollon xudosining ruhoniyi — Xrisning qizi, lekin uning ismi ham oʻziniki emas, balki Apollon ibodatxonasining nomi („oltin“). Gomerga yozilgan sxoliylarga koʻra, uning ismi Astinoma boʻlgan[1].

Troya urushi paytida Xriseida yunonlar tomonidan ushlab olindi[2], Plakidagi Fivada asirga olingan[3], Xrisda yashagan[4].

Harbiy oʻljadagi ulush sifatida u yunon qoʻshinining boshligʻi, Miken qiroli Agamemnonga berildi, u undan kanizak sifatida foydalanadi. Xriseida — goʻzal qiz va Agamemnonda unga nisbatan jiddiy tuygʻu paydo boʻladi, u hatto yosh sevgilisi uchun qonuniy (va qari) rafiqasi Klitemnestra bilan nikohni bekor qilmoqchi. Uning otasi u uchun tovon toʻlash iltimosi bilan yunon lageriga keladi. Biroq, Agamemnon haqoratli tarzda uni haydab chiqaradi. Xris Apollonga oʻtinib, jinoyatchilarni jazolashni soʻraydi. Apollon yunon lageriga oʻlat yuboradi, biz uni epidemiya deb ataymiz. Axill himoyasi ostidagi folbin Kalhant falokat sababini eʼlon qiladi. Yunonlar Agamemnondan Xriseidani otasiga topshirishni talab qiladilar, u chekinishga majbur boʻladi va uni Odissey, Apollon xudosi uchun sovgʻalar va qurbonliklar bilan yuboradi.

Kris qizini, Apollon sovgʻalar va qurbonliklarni oladi, oʻlat toʻxtaydi. Biroq, Agamemnon folbinni himoya qilgan va Xriseidani berishni faol talab qilgan Axillga nisbatan nafratda edi, shuning uchun u Brisning asir qizi kanizak Briseidani Axilldan olib qoʻyadi. Ushbu voqealardan Agamemnon va Axill oʻrtasidagi ziddiyat — „Iliada“ syujetining asosi boshlanadi.

Gomerda Agamemnon uni qiz qilib tashlab ketganini aytadi, lekin Rimlik muallif Lusiliy bunga shubha qilgan[5]. Boshqa afsonalardan maʼlumki, Xriseida Agamemnondan bola tugʻadi, u Xris tomonidan tarbiyalangan va bobosining adashi boʻlgan. Keyinchalik, Tavrid shohidan qochib ketgan Agamemnonning qonuniy xotini Klitemnestradan boʻlgan bolalari Orest va Ifigeniya kemasi Xris yashagan orolga kelib toʻxtaydi. Xriseida qochoqlarni ularni taʼqib qilayotgan qirolga topshirishni maslahat berdi, ammo Xris bobosining maslahatiga koʻra, oʻgay ukasi Orestga yordam berdi.

Oʻrta asrlarda uning ismi Gressida[6], keyin Kressida deb yozilgan („Troil va Kressida“ — Shekspirning pyesasi).

1879-yilda kashf etilgan asteroidlar (202) Xriseida va 1904-yilda kashf etilgan (548) Kressida, shuningdek, 1986-yilda kashf etilgan Uranning sunʼiy yoʻldoshi Kressida Xriseida nomi bilan atalgan.

Manbalar

  1. ↑ „Хрисеида (Астинома)“. mythology.sgu.ru. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 1-mart.
  2. ↑ Gomer. Iliada I 111; Esxil. Agamemnon 1439
  3. ↑ Strabon. Geografiya XIII 1, 7 (str.585); Stasin. Kiprii, fr.18 Ivlin-Uayt
  4. ↑ Strabon. Geografiya XIII 1, 63 (str.612)
  5. ↑ Lutsiliy. Satiri XXIX 18 (fr.876 Marks)
  6. ↑ Perviy Vatikanskiy mifograf III 6, 3

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