Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Công quốc Aosta

Quốc huy Công quốc Aosta

Công quốc Aosta, ban đầu là Bá quốc Aosta là một quốc gia nằm dưới sự cai trị của Nhà Savoy từ đầu thế kỷ 11 đến cuối thế kỷ 18, khi thể chế độc lập của nó được liên kết với những người của Thân vương quốc Piemonte. Danh hiệu "Công tước Aosta" tiếp tục được những người con trai thứ hai của quốc vương Savoy sử dụng. Lãnh địa của công quốc ngày nay là một phần của Ý.

Công tước Emmanuel Philibert đã chọn tiếng Pháp là ngôn ngữ chính thức của công quốc vào năm 1561,[1] nhưng vẫn giữ lại thể chế truyền thống riêng của mình như vào cuối năm 1766.[2] Công quốc tiếp nhận vị quản đốc đầu tiên vào năm 1773. Nó còn có cả hệ thống thuế má riêng biệt cho đến tận ngày 7 tháng 10 năm 1783 mới được đặt vào khuôn phép địa tịch.[3] Theo lời Jean-Baptiste de Tillier (mất năm 1744):

Công quốc Aosta luôn luôn là một quốc gia, tạo thành một cơ thể duy nhất không hoàn chỉnh. Bảy mươi tám tháp chuông nhà thờ, hay đúng hơn là các thành phố, thị trấn, giáo xứ và các cộng đồng riêng biệt đang sống trong Thung lũng, đều là thành viên của xứ này.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Street, 398.
  2. ^ Farrell-Vinay, 253.
  3. ^ Kain and Baigent, 364.

Tham khảo

  • Giovanna Farrell-Vinay. "Welfare Provision in Piedmont", Health Care and Poor Relief in 18th- and 19th-century Southern Europe, Ole Peter Grell, Andrew Cunningham, Bernd Roeck, eds. (Burlington: Ashgate, 2005), 250–88.
  • Roger J. P. Kain and Elizabeth Baigent. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State: A History of Property Mapping. University of Chicago Press, 1992.
  • C. W. Previté-Orton. The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000–1233). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1912.
  • Christopher Storrs. War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720. Cambridge University Press: 1999.
  • Jack D. Street, "The Independence of Savoy and Autonomy of the Valle D'Aosta", The French Review 71 3 (1998), 396–404.
  • Geoffrey Symcox. Victor Amadeus II: Absolutism in the Savoyard State, 1675–1730. University of California Press, 1983.

Read other articles:

المجلس الوطني للسياحة والآثار (الإمارات)

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2017) المجلس الوطني للسياحة والآثار تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية تأسست 2008 الإدارة المدير التنفيذي الشيخ نهيان بن مبارك آل نهيان، رئيس مجلس إدارة المجلس مبارك حمد المه

 

روجر كيربي

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) روجر كيربي   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 ديسمبر 1939  مونسي  الوفاة 18 مارس 2019 (79 سنة)   سبب الوفاة ذات الرئة  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  أقرباء ليه ثاتشر (

 

الأثر الكوري في الثقافة اليابانية

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2021) يشير الأثر الكوري في الثقافة اليابانية إلى التأثيرات التي حملتها القارة الآسيوية التي نشأت أو مرّت عبر شبه الجزيرة الكورية ومنها إلى المؤسسات والثقافة واللغ...

تشارلز ر. هولاند

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) تشارلز ر. هولاند   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 21 يناير 1946 (77 سنة)  إلكينز  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم كلية كينيدي بجامعة هارفاردأ

 

Table of spherical harmonics

Mathematical table This is a table of orthonormalized spherical harmonics that employ the Condon-Shortley phase up to degree ℓ = 10 {\displaystyle \ell =10} . Some of these formulas are expressed in terms of the Cartesian expansion of the spherical harmonics into polynomials in x, y, z, and r. For purposes of this table, it is useful to express the usual spherical to Cartesian transformations that relate these Cartesian components to θ {\displaystyle \theta } and φ {\disp...

 

Schwerbelastungskörper

Le Schwerbelastungskörper. Schwerbelastungskörper adalah sebuah monumen silinder yang terbuat dari beton yang terletak di kota Berlin, Jerman. Struktur ini didirikan antara tahun 1941 hingga 1942 dengan biaya 400.000 Reichsmarks untuk menyelidiki kemungkinan pembangunan gerbang kemenangan raksasa yang merupakan bagian dari proyek urban Nazi di kota Jerman, Welthauptstadt Germania, yang dipimpin oleh Albert Speer. Tingginya tercatat sebesar 18 m, diameternya 21 m, dan beratnya 12.650 ton. Ap...

Tonanilt

Townland in County Cavan, Ireland Tonanilt, an Anglicisation of the Gaelic, ‘Toin an Ailt’ meaning The Bottom of the Gorge, is a townland in the civil parish of Kinawley, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Glangevlin and barony of Tullyhaw.[1] R200, Tonanilt (geograph 3586006) The townland is also known as Towney (Gaelic- Tamhnaigh = Pasture). Geography Tonanilt is bounded on the north by Dunmakeever townland and on the south by Corracleigh townland. It...

 

Hackathon

Gruppenfoto vom Wikimedia Hackathon in Berlin 2011 Ein Hackathon (Wortschöpfung aus „Hack“ und „Marathon“) ist eine kollaborative Soft- und Hardwareentwicklungs­veranstaltung. Alternative Bezeichnungen sind „Hack Day“, „Hackfest“ und „codefest“. Ziel eines Hackathons ist es, innerhalb der Dauer dieser Veranstaltung gemeinsam nützliche, kreative oder unterhaltsame Softwareprodukte herzustellen oder, allgemeiner, Lösungen für gegebene Probleme zu finden. Die Teilneh...

 

Churu people

Chu RuPediment with ascetic figure, Po Rome, Ninh Thuan, 14th-16th century AD, sandstone - Museum of Vietnamese History - HCMCTotal population Vietnam 23,242 (2019)[1]Regions with significant populationsLâm Đồng - Bình ThuậnLanguagesChru • Koho • Vietnamese The Churu (or Chru) people are a Chams related ethnic group living mainly in Lâm Đồng, and Bình Thuận provinces of Central Vietnam. They speak Chru, a Malayo-Polynesian language. The word Churu means Land Exp...

12th Army (RSFSR)

The 12th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed twice. First formation The 12th Army was formed on October 3, 1918, in the region of Astrakhan and the Eastern part of the Northern Caucasus. It was part of the Southern Front since November 3, 1918, and then of the Caspian-Caucasian Front, with which it fought the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), between December 8, 1918, and March 13, 1919, when it was disbanded. It was composed of the 45...

 

Phyllodoce breweri

Species of flowering plant Phyllodoce breweri Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus: Phyllodoce Species: P. breweri Binomial name Phyllodoce breweri(A.Gray) A.Heller Phyllodoce breweri is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae known by the common names purple mountain heath and Brewer's mountain heather. It is native to California, where it can be found in mo...

 

Ram Kapoor

Indian actor (born 1973) Ram KapoorKapoor in 2017BornRam Kapoor1 September 1973 (1973-09) (age 50)Alma materKodaikanal International SchoolOccupationActorYears active1997–presentKnown for Manshaa Kasamh Se Bade Achhe Lagte Hain Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane Humshakals Spouse Gautami Kapoor ​(m. 2003)​Children2 Ram Kapoor ([raːm kəpuːr]; born 1 September 1973) is an Indian actor who works in films and television serials. He gaine...

Mysore Zoo

Zoo in Mysore, India Mysore ZooEntrance of Mysore Zoo12°18′03″N 76°40′04″E / 12.3008°N 76.6677°E / 12.3008; 76.6677Date opened1892[1]LocationMysore, IndiaLand area157 acres (64 ha)[2] + 113 acreNo. of animals1320MembershipsCZA[3] / WAZA/ ZAKWebsitewww.mysuruzoo.infoGiraffes at the zoo Two Bengal Tigers in an enclosure Mysore Zoo (or Mysuru Zoo),[4] officially known as Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, is a composite ...

 

Moby Grape '69

1969 studio album by Moby GrapeMoby Grape '69Studio album by Moby GrapeReleasedJanuary 30, 1969RecordedApril 22-November 24, 1968Genre Psychedelic rock country rock folk rock Length29:17LabelColumbiaProducerDavid RubinsonMoby Grape chronology Wow/Grape Jam(1968) Moby Grape '69(1969) Truly Fine Citizen(1969) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]Robert Christgau[2]Rolling Stone(positive)[3] Moby Grape '69 is the third album by the psychedelic r...

 

Tomomi Tanaka

Japanese long-distance runner Tomomi TanakaTomomi Tanaka of Japan at the 2012 World Half Marathon Championships in Kavarna, BulgariaPersonal informationBorn (1988-01-25) 25 January 1988 (age 35)Narita, Chiba, JapanSportSportTrack and fieldEventMarathon Tomomi Tanaka (田中 智美, Tanaka Tomomi, born 25 January 1988) is a Japanese long distance runner who specialises in the marathon. She competed in the women's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.[1] References ^ Tomomi T...

Anna z Działyńskich Potocka

Ten artykuł dotyczy Anny Potockiej z Działyńskich. Zobacz też: Anna Potocka – stronę ujednoznaczniającą. Anna z Działyńskich Potocka Złota Pilawa Rodzina Działyńscy herbu Ogończyk Data i miejsce urodzenia 2 listopada 1846 Kórnik Data i miejsce śmierci 2 czerwca 1926 Ocieka Ojciec Adam Tytus Działyński Matka Gryzelda Celestyna z Zamoyskich Mąż Stanisław Potocki Dzieci Jan Nepomucen PotockiJózef Marian PotockiPiotr I PotockiPiotr II PotockiMaria z PotockichPawe�...

 

Charlotte Flair

American professional wrestler (born 1986) Charlotte FlairFlair in 2019BornAshley Elizabeth Fliehr[1] (1986-04-05) April 5, 1986 (age 37)[2]Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.[2]Alma materNorth Carolina State University (BS)[2]OccupationProfessional wrestlerYears active2000–presentSpouses Riki Johnson ​ ​(m. 2010; div. 2013)​ Thom Latimer ​ ​(m. 2013; div. 2015...

 

Danielle C. Gray

U.S. government official Danielle C. GrayWhite House Cabinet SecretaryIn officeJanuary 25, 2013 – January 13, 2014PresidentBarack ObamaPreceded byChris LuSucceeded byBroderick D. Johnson Personal detailsBorn1977 or 1978 (age 45–46)[1]Riverhead, New York, U.S.Political partyDemocraticEducationDuke University (BA)Harvard University (JD) Danielle Gray is the former Assistant to the President, Cabinet Secretary, and a Senior Advisor to U.S. President Barack O...

BRP Felix Apolinario (PC-395)

Jose Andrada-class patrol craft of the Philippine Navy BRP Felix Apolinario (PC-395) History Philippines NameBRP Felix Apolinario NamesakeCommodore Felix Apolinaro, PN Commissioned10 October 2000 ReclassifiedApril 2016: From PG-395 to PC-395 Statusin active service General characteristics Class and typeJose Andrada-class patrol craft Displacement56.4 tons full load Length78 ft 10 in (24.03 m)[2] Beam20 ft 7 in (6.27 m) max[2] Draft5.8 ft (1.8...

 

Macario de Egipto

Este artículo trata sobre el eremita egipcio del siglo IV. Para otros usos de este término, véase Macario. San Macario de Egipto Información personalNombre de nacimiento MacariusApodo El Viejo El GrandeNacimiento ca. 300Bajo Egipto (Egipto) Fallecimiento 390Uadi Natrun (Egipto) Religión Iglesia católica Información profesionalOcupación Monje cristiano oriental Información religiosaCanonización Pre-Congregación C.C.S.Festividad 19 de enero (rito bizantino)15 de enero (rito roma...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya