Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

叠氮化合物

叠氮化合物
叠氮根离子的结构,蓝框内表示的是大π键
识别
CAS号 14343-69-2  checkY
性质
化学式 N
3
摩尔质量 42.02 g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

叠氮化合物(英文:azides,hydrazoates,trinitride)在无机化学中,指的是含有叠氮根离子的化合物();在有机化学中,则指含有叠氮基)的化合物。

叠氮根离子

叠氮根离子为並非直线型结构,不論是離子型態抑或是有機物皆有微微彎曲(約172°),属 点群,价电子数为16,和离子、离子、离子,分子是等电子体。叠氮根离子的化学性质类似于卤离子,例如白色的 AgN3Pb(N3)2 难溶于水。作为配体能和金属离子形成一系列配合物,如[1]

无机叠氮化物

绝大多数叠氮化物进行爆炸分解,但也可通过热化学光化学或放电法使其缓慢分解。爆炸分解的结果是产生相应的单质,分解热即相当于该化合物的标准生成焓

有些分解产生氮化物

叠氮化氢的热分解若在1000oC及低压条件下进行,产物收集在用液氮冷却的表面上,可產生氮、氫以及四氮烯

碱金属叠氮化物并不爆炸,只是缓慢分解:

重金属叠氮化物的分解是由于叠氮根离子的激发,结果一个电子跃迁到导带,产生叠氮基。基态的叠氮基解离成基态的N和N2选律禁阻的,解离成激发态的N和N2虽是选律允许的,但需要259kJ/mol的能量,因此在常温下并不重要。两个叠氮基之间的相互作用也是选律允许的,并且是个放热的的过程,因此可以认为这一步在固体离子型叠氮化物的分解中是重要的一步。

叠氮化物迅速分解能导致爆炸点火或起爆,但原因尚不清楚。

叠氮化钠被用于汽车的安全气囊内,叠氮化铅被用作起爆剂

叠氮根配位化合物

桥式配位的Zn(N3)2(C5H5N)2

叠氮根离子可以以端基橋基的方式与金属离子相结合:

叠氮根离子和金属离子的结合方式,第一个为端基,后两个为桥基。

已知端基配位的较多,桥式的较少。

有机叠氮化合物

有机叠氮化合物

有机叠氮化合物的端基碳具有亲核性,并且不稳定容易放出氮气Curtius重排反应即经过酰基叠氮中间体。

有些叠氮化合物是1,3-偶极体,可进行环加成反应

应用

每年大约有250吨叠氮化合物被生产出来,其中主要是叠氮化钠[2]

起爆剂与推进剂

叠氮化钠是汽车安全气囊中的推进剂。加热时,叠氮化钠分解产生氮气,以将气囊迅速撑开:[2]

一些重金属叠氮物,例如叠氮化铅(),是对震动敏感的起爆剂,它们会分解成对应的金属和氮气:[3]

叠氮化银和叠氮化钡也有类似的应用。有些有机叠氮化合物可能可以用作火箭推进剂,比如2-二甲基氨基乙基叠氮化物(DMAZ)。

其他应用

由于叠氮化物的使用具有很高的危险性,即使它们有特殊的反应活性,也很少在商业中使用。

相關

参考资料

  1. ^ 刘新锦等.无机元素化学(第二版) 氮族元素.北京:科学出版社.2010.01 ISBN 978-7-03-026399-5
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Jobelius, Horst H.; Scharff, Hans-Dieter. Hydrazoic Acid and Azides. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA (编). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 2000-06-15: a13_193. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_193 (英语). 
  3. ^ Shriver and Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry (Fifth Edition). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. : 382. 
  • 宋天佑等.《无机化学》下册.北京:高等教育出版社,2004年. ISBN 7-04-015582-6
  • 张青莲等.《无机化学丛书》第四卷,氮磷砷分族.北京:科学出版社,1984年.

外部链接

Read other articles:

Italian rower Erminio DonesDones in 1919Personal informationBorn(1882-12-12)12 December 1882Venice, ItalyDied6 May 1945(1945-05-06) (aged 62)Zibido San Giacomo, ItalySportSportRowing Medal record Men's rowing Representing  Italy Olympic Games 1920 Antwerp Double sculls European Rowing Championships 1905 Ghent Eight 1907 Strasbourg Single sculls 1907 Strasbourg Double sculls 1908 Lucerne Double sculls 1912 Geneva Double sculls 1922 Barcelona Double sculls 1923 Como Double sculls Erminio…

Elezioni regionali in Calabria del 2020 Stato  Italia Regione  Calabria Data 26 gennaio Affluenza 44,33% ( 0,16%) Candidati Jole Santelli Filippo Callipo Partiti Forza Italia Indipendente Coalizioni Centro-destra Centro-sinistra Voti 449.70555,29% 245.15430,14% Seggi 19 / 30 11 / 30 Distribuzione del voto per comune Presidente uscente Mario Oliverio (PD) 2014 2021 Le elezioni regionali in Calabria del 2020 si sono svolte il 26 gennaio e hanno determinato la vittoria di Jole Santelli, c…

This is the list of the railway stations in Veneto owned by: Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), a branch of the Italian state company Ferrovie dello Stato;[1] Sistemi Territoriali (ST). RFI stations Station Locality Province Category Abano Terme Abano Terme Padua (Padova) Bronze Adria Adria Rovigo Silver Alano-Fener-Valdobbiadene Alano di Piave Belluno Bronze Albaredo Albaredo Treviso Bronze Altavilla-Tavernelle Altavilla Vicentina Vicenza Silver Anconetta Vicenza Vicenza Bronze Annone Ven…

南京信息工程大学Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology校训明德格物 立己达人创办时间1960年学校标识码4132010300学校类型公立校长李北群职工人數1300人学生人數3万余名校址江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号32°12′26″N 118°43′18″E / 32.20722°N 118.72167°E / 32.20722; 118.72167坐标:32°12′26″N 118°43′18″E / 32.20722°N 118.72167°E / 32.20722; 118.72167总

بطولة باوليستا 1942 تفاصيل الموسم بطولة باوليستا  البلد البرازيل  البطل بالميراس  عدد المشاركين 11   بطولة باوليستا 1941  بطولة باوليستا 1943  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   بطولة باوليستا 1942 هو موسم من بطولة باوليستا. أشرف على تنظيمه Federação Paulista de Futebol [الإنجليزية]‏، وك…

إيرين بيكر معلومات شخصية الميلاد 23 مايو 1961 (62 سنة)  كانتربيري  مواطنة نيوزيلندا  الزوج سكوت مولينا (1990–)  الحياة العملية المهنة تريثلت،  ومنافسة ألعاب القوى  مجال العمل ميتابولوميات  الرياضة سباق ثلاثي،  وألعاب القوى  الجوائز  عضو رتبة الإمبراطورية

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. My Original DreamPosterNama lainTionghoa我的青春期 Sutradara Hao Jie ProduserDitulis olehPemeranBao Bei'erSun YiPerusahaanproduksiGuangguner (Beijing) Media DevelopmentWanda Media浙江光棍儿影视文化有限公司Bei Jing Ying Xing Tian X…

La politique au Botswana est encadrée par un régime présidentiel de démocratie représentative républicaine, dans lequel le président du Botswana est à la fois chef de l'État et du gouvernement, au sein d'un système multipartite. Le pouvoir exécutif est assumé par le gouvernement. Le pouvoir législatif est dévolu au gouvernement et au parlement du Botswana. Depuis l'indépendance du pays, le système partisan est dominé par le Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). Le pouvoir judiciaire …

American mathematician Daniel Jay RudolphDaniel J Rudolph in 1972, the year he graduated with B.S. Mathematics from CaltechBorn(1949-10-03)October 3, 1949[1]Sheridan, Wyoming, USDiedFebruary 4, 2010(2010-02-04) (aged 60)[1]Fort Collins, Colorado, USAlma materCaltechStanford UniversityKnown forAdvances in Ergodic theorySpouseMichelle HydeChildren3Scientific careerInstitutionsHebrew University of JerusalemMiller Institute at U.C. BerkeleyUniversity of MarylandColorad…

2015 single by Girls' GenerationCatch Me If You CanSingle by Girls' GenerationB-sideGirlsReleasedApril 10, 2015 (2015-04-10)Recorded2014–15GenreEDMLength3:45Label SM EMI Japan Composer(s) Jin Choi Erik Lidbom Lyricist(s) Mafly, Choi A-reum (Korean) Junji Ishiwatari, Jeff Miyahara (Japanese) Girls' Generation singles chronology Mr.Mr. (2014) Catch Me If You Can (2015) Party (2015) Alternative coverJapanese 12-inch single cover Music videoCatch Me If You Can on YouTube Catch Me If…

Kuarter SoufrièreKuarterLokasi di Saint LuciaNegara Saint LuciaIbu kotaSoufrièreLuas • Total50,5 km2 (195 sq mi)Populasi (2010) • Total8.472 • Kepadatan17/km2 (43/sq mi)Kode ISO 3166-2LC-10 Kuarter Soufrière adalah salah satu kuarter di Saint Lucia. Kode ISO 3166-2 kuarter yang beribu kota di Soufrière ini adalah LC-10. Menurut sensus 2010, jumlah penduduk kuarter ini adalah 8.472 jiwa. Referensi 2010 Population and Housing Ce…

Chain of schools in India This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This section may contain material not related to the topic of the article. Please help …

Location of the Stackpole and Castlemartin community within Pembrokeshire Stackpole and Castlemartin is a community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Pembroke.[1] It was formed in 2011 by the amalgamation of the existing communities of Stackpole and Castlemartin, and includes a number of other smaller villages and ancient parishes in the area.[2] The population of the community upon formation was 632,[3] including Bosherston, Warren and St Twynnels.&…

American television series HarbourmasterBarry Sullivan as David Scott, 1957.Also known asAdventure at Scott IslandGenreAdventure/DramaDirected byFelix E. FeistHenry S. KeslerStarringBarry SullivanPaul BurkeCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes25ProductionRunning time22–24 minutesProduction companyZiv Television ProgramsOriginal releaseNetworkCBS (1957–1958)ABC (1958)ReleaseSeptember 26, 1957 (1957-09-26) –May 25, 1958 (1…

Filipino actress filmography Soriano in 2023 Maricel Soriano is a Filipino actress who has appeared extensively on film and television. She began a career as a child actress, debuting in the 1971 film titled My Heart Belongs to Daddy, appearing alongside Tirso Cruz III. She went on to perform several roles in the 1970s, gaining her first acting award at the 9th Manila Tagalog Film Festival as Best Child Actress for her role in Alaala Mo, Daigdig Ko (1973) and the longest running Philippine sitco…

Class of ornamental knots Turk's head knotCategoryDecorativeOriginAncientRelatedCarrick matTypical useDecorativeABoK1278–1401 (Chapter 17: The Turk's-Head)Instructions[1] A Turk's head knot, sometimes known as a sailor's knot, is a decorative knot with a variable number of interwoven strands forming a closed loop. The name refers to a general family of knots, not an individual knot. While this knot is typically made around a cylinder, it can also be formed into a flat, mat-like shape. Some var…

2016 soundtrack album by various artistsMoana: Original Motion Picture SoundtrackSoundtrack album by various artistsReleasedNovember 19, 2016 (2016-11-19)Recorded2016StudioEastwood Scoring Stage, Warner Bros. Studios, Los Angeles (score) Elbo Studios, Avatar Studios, The Hit Factory, NRG Recording Studios, Red Horse Studios, University of the South PacificGenre Film score pop alternative R&B soul world Length1:09:40LanguageEnglish, Tokelauan, Tuvaluan, SamoanLabelWalt …

  1982 Swedish Grand PrixRace detailsRace 10 of 14 races in the1982 Grand Prix motorcycle racing seasonDate8 August 1982Official nameSwedish TT[1][2][3]LocationScandinavian RacewayCoursePermanent racing facility4.031 km (2.505 mi)500 ccPole positionRider Freddie SpencerTime 1:37.720Fastest lapRider Randy MamolaTime 1:38.370PodiumFirst Takazumi KatayamaSecond Randy MamolaThird Graeme Crosby350 ccPole positionRider No 350cc race was heldFastest lapRider …

Major road in Brighton, England Lewes RoadA southward view along Lewes Road in 2019, looking towards the Vogue GyratoryRoute informationLength3.46 mi (5.57 km)Existed1770–presentMajor junctionsWest endSouthwickMajor intersections A27East endColdean LocationCountryUnited Kingdom Road network Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones ← A269→ A271 Lewes Road is a major road in the English seaside city of Brighton and Hove. It was part of the A27 cross-c…

Frankfurt (Main) Messe Een S-Bahn-trein en het station. Algemeen Plaats Frankfurt am main Lijn(en) S3 S4 S5 S6 Opening 1999 Constructie Perrons 2 S-Bahn Lijn richting Volgend station Bad Soden Westbahnhof Darmstadt Hbf Galluswarte Kronberg Westbahnhof Langen Galluswarte Friedrichsdorf Westbahnhof Südbahnhof Galluswarte Friedberg Westbahnhof Südbahnhof Galluswarte Ligging Coördinaten 50° 7′ NB, 8° 39′ OL Portaal    Openbaar vervoer Duitsland Frankfurt (Main) Messe is ee…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya