史密斯堡
史密斯堡 (英語:Fort Smith )是加拿大 西北地区 的一个小镇,隶属于南斯拉维专区 。南边紧邻艾伯塔省 。
历史
气候
史密斯堡的气候类型属于典型的亚寒带针叶林气候 ,根据柯本气候分类法 归类为Dfc 型,气候特征为夏季温暖短暂,而冬季严寒漫长。2021年6月30日,由于受到超级热浪 的影响,史密斯堡记录了39.9 °C(103.8 °F)的高温,这是整个西北地区 有史以来纪录的最高气温纪录[ 1] ;而极端最低气温是1917年12月26日的−57.2 °C(−71.0 °F)[ 2] ;这是西北地区有史以来纪录的最冷和最热的温度[ 3] 。
史密斯堡机场 (1981-2010年平均数据,1913年至今极端数据)[ a]
月份
1月
2月
3月
4月
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
12月
全年
历史最高湿热指数
8.4
11.6
13.9
29.6
32.7
40.6
41.7
38.5
31.3
25.9
12.1
8.9
41.7
历史最高温 °C(°F)
8.7 (47.7)
12.2 (54.0)
15.0 (59.0)
30.0 (86.0)
31.8 (89.2)
39.9 (103.8)
39.4 (102.9)
35.3 (95.5)
31.7 (89.1)
26.7 (80.1)
13.3 (55.9)
9.4 (48.9)
39.9 (103.8)
平均高温 °C(°F)
−17.8 (0.0)
−13.5 (7.7)
−5.0 (23.0)
6.0 (42.8)
14.2 (57.6)
20.9 (69.6)
23.3 (73.9)
20.8 (69.4)
13.6 (56.5)
4.2 (39.6)
−7.6 (18.3)
−15.0 (5.0)
3.7 (38.7)
日均气温 °C(°F)
−22.4 (−8.3)
−19.1 (−2.4)
−11.8 (10.8)
−0.3 (31.5)
7.8 (46.0)
14.4 (57.9)
17.0 (62.6)
14.7 (58.5)
8.4 (47.1)
0.2 (32.4)
−11.4 (11.5)
−19.3 (−2.7)
−1.8 (28.8)
平均低温 °C(°F)
−27.0 (−16.6)
−24.7 (−12.5)
−18.5 (−1.3)
−6.6 (20.1)
1.3 (34.3)
7.9 (46.2)
10.7 (51.3)
8.6 (47.5)
3.1 (37.6)
−3.7 (25.3)
−15.1 (4.8)
−23.5 (−10.3)
−7.3 (18.9)
历史最低温 °C(°F)
−53.3 (−63.9)
−55.0 (−67.0)
−48.3 (−54.9)
−40.6 (−41.1)
−23.0 (−9.4)
−7.2 (19.0)
−4.4 (24.1)
−6.1 (21.0)
−15.0 (5.0)
−31.1 (−24.0)
−42.8 (−45.0)
−57.2 (−71.0)
−57.2 (−71.0)
历史最低風寒指數
−60.4
−58.4
−55.7
−50.4
−26.2
−8.0
0.0
−4.7
−17.8
−35.3
−48.8
−59.6
−60.4
平均降水量 mm(英寸)
16.5 (0.65)
12.2 (0.48)
13.2 (0.52)
12.7 (0.50)
27.8 (1.09)
48.8 (1.92)
54.5 (2.15)
54.5 (2.15)
42.4 (1.67)
32.4 (1.28)
22.3 (0.88)
16.6 (0.65)
353.6 (13.92)
平均降雨量 mm(英寸)
0.1 (0.00)
0.1 (0.00)
0.3 (0.01)
6.2 (0.24)
22.6 (0.89)
48.7 (1.92)
54.5 (2.15)
54.3 (2.14)
41.6 (1.64)
14.0 (0.55)
1.5 (0.06)
0.3 (0.01)
244.3 (9.62)
平均降雪量 cm(英寸)
24.0 (9.4)
18.7 (7.4)
17.5 (6.9)
7.8 (3.1)
5.7 (2.2)
0.0 (0.0)
0.0 (0.0)
0.2 (0.1)
1.0 (0.4)
21.5 (8.5)
30.1 (11.9)
23.8 (9.4)
150.2 (59.1)
平均降水天数(≥ 0.2 mm)
10.8
8.6
7.9
5.8
8.5
10.9
11.8
12.6
12.1
13.7
13.5
11.6
127.7
平均降雨天数(≥ 0.2 mm)
0.2
0.2
0.4
2.8
7.4
10.9
11.8
12.6
11.7
7.5
1.2
0.3
66.9
平均降雪天数(≥ 0.2 cm)
12.3
10.1
8.6
3.7
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.8
8.4
14.7
13.3
73.9
平均相對濕度 (%)
79.8
77.6
67.1
51.4
42.3
43.8
48.2
52.8
58.0
71.4
83.8
82.0
63.2
月均日照時數
57.1
113.7
176.7
243.0
285.9
299.1
301.0
261.7
132.0
87.3
43.5
28.3
2,029.3
数据来源:Environment Canada (sun 1951–1980)[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
人口统计
穿行于急流中的鹈鹕
史密斯堡北方贸易公司
根据加拿大统计局 2016年的全国人口普查数据,史密斯堡有2,031人,比2011年普查时的1,621人,增加了25%
[ 8] 。
历史人口统计 史密斯堡 年份 人口 ±% 1941 531 — 1951 442 −16.8% 1956 1,164 +163.3% 1961 1,681 +44.4% 1966 2,120 +26.1% 1971 2,364 +11.5% 1976 2,288 −3.2% 1981 2,298 +0.4% 1986 2,460 +7.0% 1991 2,480 +0.8% 1996 2,441 −1.6% 2001 2,185 −10.5% 2006 2,364 +8.2% 2011 2,496 +5.6% 2016 2,542 +1.8% 2021 — 来源:加拿大统计局 [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
城镇年度人口统计 年份 人口 ±% 1996 2,560 — 1997 2,548 −0.5% 1998 2,428 −4.7% 1999 2,452 +1.0% 2000 2,430 −0.9% 2001 2,328 −4.2% 2002 2,369 +1.8% 2003 2,438 +2.9% 2004 2,487 +2.0% 2005 2,444 −1.7% 2006 2,461 +0.7%
年份 人口 ±% 2007 2,506 +1.8% 2008 2,463 −1.7% 2009 2,498 +1.4% 2010 2,473 −1.0% 2011 2,575 +4.1% 2012 2,573 −0.1% 2013 2,580 +0.3% 2014 2,555 −1.0% 2015 2,516 −1.5% 2016 2,581 +2.6% 2017 2,562 −0.7%
来源:西北地区统计局(2001-2017)[ 21]
名人
加拿大央行 前任行长,前任英格兰银行 行长马克·卡尼 是史密斯堡人。
参见
参考文献
^ Fort Smith had its hottest day in 80 years: preliminary data . Environment Canada. CBC . [30 June 2021] . (原始内容存档 于2021-07-01).
^ Daily Data Report for December 1917 . Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada . [July 29, 2016] . (原始内容存档 于2021-12-27).
^ Columbo, John Robert, The 1996 Canadian Global Almanac, Toronto, Ontario: Macmillan Canada: 22, 1995
^ Fort Smith A . Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada . [29 July 2016] . Climate ID: 2202200. (原始内容存档 于2021-12-27).
^ Fort Smith . Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada . [29 July 2016] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-07).
^ Fort Smith . Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada . [29 July 2016] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-07).
^ Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 7: Bright Sunshine . Environment Canada. [October 24, 2020] . (原始内容存档 于2021-12-21).
^ 2016年人口普查资料 . 加拿大统计局 . 2017-04-14 [2017-05-21 ] .
^ Ninth Census of Canada, 1951 (PDF) . SP-7 (Population: Unincorporated villages and hamlets). Dominion Bureau of Statistics . March 31, 1954 [February 2, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2021-11-28).
^ Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961. 1961 Census of Canada (PDF) . Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics . March 8, 1963 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2020-09-02).
^ Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971. 1971 Census of Canada (PDF) . Population. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada . July 1973 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2020-08-27).
^ 1976 Census of Canada: Population - Geographic Distributions (PDF) . Statistics Canada . June 1977 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2022-01-14).
^ 1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order (PDF) . Statistics Canada . May 1992 [February 1, 2021] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2022-01-14).
^ 1986 Census: Population - Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions (PDF) . Statistics Canada . September 1987 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2020-05-08).
^ 91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions - Population and Dwelling Counts (PDF) . Statistics Canada . April 1992 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2020-05-08).
^ 96 Census: A National Overview - Population and Dwelling Counts (PDF) . Statistics Canada . April 1997 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于2021-11-28).
^ Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data (Northwest Territories) . Statistics Canada . August 15, 2012 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-03).
^ Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data (Northwest Territories) . Statistics Canada . August 20, 2021 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-03).
^ Corrections and updates: Population and dwelling count amendments, 2011 Census . Statistics Canada . March 4, 2014 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 于2022-03-19).
^ Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Northwest Territories) . Statistics Canada . February 8, 2017 [February 1, 2022] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-03).
^ Population Estimates By Community from the GNWT
注解
^ Climate data was recorded at Fort Smith from July 1913 to May 1946 and at Fort Smith Airport from September 1943 to present.
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