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同情

提示：此条目页的主题不是同理心。

同情（sympathy，也称同情心）是對自身以外的生命的痛苦或需要的感知、理解和反應。[1] 根據大衛·休謨（David Hume）的說法，同情心的關注始於人們由自身觀點，轉向對於有需求的他者的觀點的過程；休謨解釋道，之所以如此，是因為“所有人的心智在感覺和運作上都是相似的”，並且“一個人的動作會與其他人溝通”。[2]

有人認為，同情心產生的原因，除了同理心之外，還與公平、正義、相互依存等情緒有關。它牽涉到人類在某個特定情境下的自由意志，被認為是人類天性之一，也是理性的根源。

心理学裡的同情

心理学上“同理心”（empathy）與同情（Compassion）、同情心（sympathy）有些許不同，“同情心”包含情感部分的感同身受，而“同理心”則強調以理性角度出發的理解。

哲学和宗教裡的同情

西方哲学

自由意志论派哲学家认为理性根源来自同情心。

印度哲学

“同情”或“怜悯”（Dayā）在印度哲学和印度教育哲学经典《吠陀》中，被赞扬爲人类伟大特质之一[3]。

佛教

在佛教中，同情心体现在慈悲心。

參考資料

  1. ^ Tear, J; Michalska, KJ. Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood. Developmental Science. 2010, 13 (6): 886–899. PMID 20977559. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00940.x. 
  2. ^ Hume, David. The David Hume Collection. Charles River Editors. 2018. ISBN 9781531257637 （英语）. [失效連結]
  3. ^ Definition of daya in Hinduism. [2019-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-19）. 

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