Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

坏死性小肠结肠炎

坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)
类型消化道疾病[*]疾病
风险因素吸煙
分类和外部资源
醫學專科小兒科、​胃肠学、​新生兒學
ICD-10P77
ICD-9-CM777.5
DiseasesDB31774
MedlinePlus001148
eMedicine977956、​411616
MeSHD020345
Orphanet391673
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

坏死性小肠结肠炎(英語:Necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC)是一种多发于早产婴儿的疾病,可能会导致小肠坏死,严重时会危及生命。

体征及症状

多发于早产儿,其发病率和出生时的胎龄成反比。出生越早的婴儿,越容易得NEC。初期症状包括喂养不耐受,增加胃残留物,腹胀,便血。症状可能迅速恶化至小肠穿孔,腹膜炎和低血压以及腹部变色。

诊断

初期的诊断往往是根据经验来判断,需要临床诊断以及超音波成像来协助。NEC的病症包括扩张型肠循环,气体在肠道内形成固定环路产生的腹部涨气。可以从腹部穿刺中提取腹液来判断是否已经肠穿孔。最近医学实践证明,超音波成像已经可以更准确的帮助医生确诊是否是NEC,之前医生需要借助X光片才能确诊病例。体重低于1500克的新生儿,会有5%-10%患NEC的可能。[1]但是现在还不清楚早产儿及低体重婴儿是否存在潜在的原因导致NEC病发。

治疗

细部放大的坏死性小肠结肠炎坏死标本

治疗NEC主要包括提供静脉供养,停止肠道供养,让肠道得到休息。间歇性喂食流质营养,对肠道进行减压,纠正电解质,减轻腹腔(第三空间)压力,调节血压,并及时抗生素治疗。内科进行临床检测并且每6小时进行腹部左侧X光片检查。如果在内科持续监测及治疗的情况下,病情没有得到好转,发现了小肠穿孔的迹象,应立即进行外科手术,进行死肠切除手术。手术可能会需要进行结肠造口术,造瘘口可以在下一次的手术中移除,如果切除了太多的小肠,患儿也会有短肠综合症的问题。

原因

坏死性小肠结肠炎没有明确的已知原因。[2]传染性病原体是被怀疑的对象,有发生在新生儿重症监护室集体爆发的病例,但是没有确定患儿之间的共同性。绿脓杆菌也是造成新生儿小肠结肠炎的怀疑对象之一。[3] 肠菌群,是新生儿免疫系统中固有的弱点,在使用抗生素五天以上,以及肠粘膜的改变或者是喂养方式的改变,都是有可能是引起坏死性小肠结肠炎的病因。[4]NEC最容易影响到的部分就是回盲瓣(小肠与大肠之间的过渡),并且几乎从来没有见过婴儿于口腔喂养之前得病。喂养配方奶粉比母乳喂养的婴儿患病的几率高十倍。[5]挤出来的母乳不仅具有保护婴儿抗感染作用,其免疫球蛋白也可以更容易及迅速的被婴儿消化。

预防

一旦孩子是早产儿,必须考虑到减少NEC发生的风险。为了实现这一目标,提供高营养饲料和母乳喂养都是重要的。在使用药物时需要很小心的进行控制,防止败血症的发生。在艾奥瓦大学附属的新生儿重症监护室所汇集的报告中指出,应尽早提供静脉注射与母乳喂养相混合,待肠道逐渐成熟后,酌量添加母乳喂养的比例,以减轻发生NEC的风险。新生儿的肠道黏膜细胞没有得到足够的滋养动脉供血以保持健康,尤其是早产儿,肠道的血液供应非常有限,由于发展不成熟的毛细血管,所以从肠道吸收的营养物质也非常有限。

治愈后

如果没有接受手术治疗,在没有进行口腔喂养10-14天后可以对新生儿逐渐恢复正常的喂养,在远期也有可能发生肠梗塞或贫血的并发症。尽管有非常大的死亡风险,在接受手术的患儿中,仍有70-80%的存活率。 NEC的外科手术患儿存活后的风险包括短肠综合症的并发症,以及神经发育残疾。

参考资料

  1. ^ (英文)Blueprints Pediatrics B. Marino, K. Fine
  2. ^ (英文)Hunter CJ, Upperman JS, Ford HR, Camerini V. Understanding the susceptibility of the premature infant to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pediatric Research. February 2008, 63 (2): 117–23. PMID 18091350. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31815ed64c. 
  3. ^ (英文)Leigh L, Stoll BJ, Rahman M, McGowan J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in very low birth weight infants: a case-control study. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. May 1995, 14 (5): 367–71. PMID 7638011. doi:10.1097/00006454-199505000-00006. 
  4. ^ (英文)Cotten CM; Taylor S; Stoll B; et al. Prolonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2009年1月, 123 (1): 58–66. PMC 2760222可免费查阅. PMID 19117861. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3423. 
  5. ^ (英文)Schanler RJ (2001) The use of human milk for premature infants

Read other articles:

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: List of human anatomical regions – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series of lists aboutHuman anatomy General Features Regions Variations Movements Systems Structures Arteries Bones Eponymous Fora…

1995 film by Mamoru Oshii Ghost in the Shell 1 redirects here. For the manga, see Ghost in the Shell (manga). For the 2017 live-action film, see Ghost in the Shell (2017 film). Ghost in the ShellTheatrical release posterJapanese nameKanjiGHOST IN THE SHELL/攻殻機動隊TranscriptionsRevised HepburnGōsuto in za Sheru/Kōkaku Kidōtai Directed byMamoru OshiiScreenplay byKazunori ItōBased onGhost in the Shellby Masamune ShirowProduced by Yoshimasa Mizuo Ken Matsumoto Ken Iyadomi Mitsuhisa Ishik…

1986 Marvel Comics storyline This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Mutant Massacre – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mutant MassacreCover of X-Men Mutant Massacre  (2001), trade paperback collected editionArt by Terry DodsonPublisherMarvel ComicsPublication dateOc…

The Woodman's Daughter Autor John Everett MillaisCreación 1851Ubicación Guildhall Art Gallery (Reino Unido)Material Óleo y LienzoDimensiones 89 centímetros x 65 centímetros[editar datos en Wikidata] La hija del leñador es una pintura del pintor inglés prerrafaelita John Everett Millais, pintada en 1851, al óleo sobre lienzo, de 89 x 63,8 centímetros. Representa una escena del poema de 1844 de Coventry Patmore del mismo nombre, sobre el amor imposible entre la hija de un leñad…

Марго ГірMargo GeerЗагальна інформаціяГромадянство  СШАНародження 17 березня 1992(1992-03-17)[1] (31 рік)Мілфорд-Сентер, Юніон, Огайо, СШАAlma mater Університет АризониСпортКраїна  СШАВид спорту спортивне плавання[2]Команда LA Currentd і DC Tridentd Участь і здобутки  Марго Гір у В

Franz Böckle (1970) Franz Böckle (* 18. April 1921 in Glarus, Schweiz; † 8. Juli 1991 ebenda) war ein römisch-katholischer Moraltheologe. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Wirken 3 Schriften (Auswahl) 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks Leben Böckle wuchs mit drei Geschwistern in einem religiösen Elternhaus in Glarus auf. Er studierte nach der Matura 1941 Theologie am Priesterseminar St. Luzi (heute: Theologische Hochschule Chur). 1944 wurde er mit der Arbeit Die Idee der Fruchtbarkeit in den Paulusbriefen…

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2018) إيز أبايان (بالإنجليزية: Aize Obayan)‏  معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد 4 مارس 1960  تاريخ الوفاة 29 يناير 2019 (58 سنة)   سبب الوفاة سرطان  مواطنة نيجيريا  الحياة ا…

ميشكو الثالث العجوز (بالبولندية: Mieszko III Stary)‏    معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد سنة 1126[1][2][3]  الوفاة 13 مارس 1202 (75–76 سنة)[4]  كاليش  الأب بوليسلاف الثالث  إخوة وأخوات كازيمير الثاني جود جاست،  ولادسلاة الثاني  [لغات أخرى]‏  عائلة سلالة ب…

Sri Lankan politician Hon.Vasudeva NanayakkaraMPවාසුදේව නානායක්කාර வாசுதேவ நாணயக்காரLeader of the Democratic Left FrontIncumbentAssumed office 1999Member of Parliamentfor Ratnapura DistrictIncumbentAssumed office 2010In office1989–2000Member of Parliamentfor KiriellaIn office27 May 1970 – 21 July 1977Leader of the Opposition, Colombo Municipal CouncilIn office2006–2010 Personal detailsBorn (1939-01-03) 3 Jan…

Sports team in Spain Basque CountryAssociationEuskadiko Futbol FederakundeaMost caps1930s: Isidro Lángara (44)[1]Modern: Xabi Prieto (14)[2][3]Top scorer1930s: Isidro Lángara (17)Modern: Aritz Aduriz (13)[4] First colours Second colours First internationalAs North Federation: Basque Country 6–1 Catalonia  (Bilbao; 3 January 1915) As Basque Country: Catalonia 0–1 Basque Country (Barcelona; 8 June 1930)Biggest win Denmark (DAI  …

Latin American pay television channel This article is about the South American TV channel. For the German TV channel that was named Glitz*, see WarnerTV Comedy. Television channel GlitzCountryLatin AmericaHeadquartersBuenos Aires, SantiagoProgrammingLanguage(s)SpanishPicture format480i/576i SDTVOwnershipOwnerWarner Bros. Discovery AmericasSister channelsHTV MuchMusicHistoryLaunchedMay 1, 2011; 12 years ago (2011-05-01)ReplacedFashionTVClosedMay 5, 2016; 7 years ago…

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 30 de enero de 2009. Jesús Dionisio Ballesteros Alcalde de Aranjuez 14 de junio de 2003-11 de junio de 2011Predecesor José María Cepeda BarrosSucesor María José Martínez de la Fuente Diputado de la Asamblea de Madrid 9 de junio de 2011-15 de junio de 2019 Información personalNacimiento 7 de julio de 1956Madrid, EspañaNacionalidad EspañolaInformación profesionalOcupación…

Provincial park in British Columbia Sasquatch Provincial ParkIUCN category II (national park)[1]Deer LakeLocation in British ColumbiaShow map of British ColumbiaLocation in Fraser Valley Regional DistrictShow map of Fraser Valley Regional DistrictLocationKent, British Columbia, CanadaCoordinates49°21′00″N 121°42′00″W / 49.35000°N 121.70000°W / 49.35000; -121.70000Area1,217 ha (4.70 sq mi)EstablishedMay 2, 1968Governing bodyBC ParksW…

Bagian dari seri tentangHierarki Gereja KatolikSanto Petrus Gelar Gerejawi (Jenjang Kehormatan) Paus Kardinal Kardinal Kerabat Kardinal pelindung Kardinal mahkota Kardinal vikaris Moderator kuria Kapelan Sri Paus Utusan Sri Paus Kepala Rumah Tangga Kepausan Nunsio Apostolik Delegatus Apostolik Sindik Apostolik Visitor apostolik Vikaris Apostolik Eksarkus Apostolik Prefek Apostolik Asisten Takhta Kepausan Eparkus Metropolitan Batrik Uskup Uskup agung Uskup emeritus Uskup diosesan Uskup agung utam…

Das Adoptivkaisertum umfasst eine Periode der Römischen Kaiserzeit, in der die Nachfolge in der Herrschaft regelmäßig durch Adoption bestimmt wurde (98 bis 180 n. Chr.). Nach der damals offiziell verbreiteten Lesart ging es hierbei um die Auswahl des jeweils geeignetsten Kandidaten als Nachfolger. Die moderne Forschung hat diese idealisierende Sichtweise mittlerweile aber stark relativiert. Adoptivkaiser im Sinne des gängigen historischen Begriffs waren Nerva, der allerdings nicht adoptiert,…

Japanese manga and game artist Noizi ItoNoizi Ito at Epitanime 2010Born (1977-08-09) August 9, 1977 (age 46)Kakogawa, Hyōgo, JapanNationalityJapaneseNotable workShakugan no ShanaHaruhi Suzumiya Noizi Ito (いとうのいぢ, Itō Noiji, born August 9, 1977) is a Japanese light novel and video game artist. She is employed by the H-game maker UNiSONSHIFT and is a part of the circle Fujitsubo-Machine. Unlike most romanized Japanese words and names, Noizi Ito's name uses the Kunrei-shiki roman…

Novo Rio Bus TerminalTerminal Rodoviário Novo RioNovo Rio Bus TerminalGeneral informationOther namesTerminal Rodoviário do Rio de JaneiroLocationSanto Cristo, Rio de JaneiroCoordinates22°53′57″S 43°12′32″W / 22.8993°S 43.2089°W / -22.8993; -43.2089Bus operatorsSocicam[1]Other informationWebsitewww.novorio.com.brHistoryOpened1969LocationNovo Rio Bus TerminalLocation within Rio de Janeiro Novo Rio Bus Terminal (Portuguese: Terminal Rodoviário Novo Rio…

Beauty pageant competition For the state pageant affiliated with Miss USA, see Miss Kansas USA. Miss KansasFormation1924TypeBeauty pageantHeadquartersPratt, KansasMembership Miss AmericaWebsiteOfficial website The Miss Kansas competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the US state of Kansas in the Miss America pageant. Kansas has won the Miss America crown on three occasions. Ayanna Hensley of Dodge City was crowned Miss Kansas 2022 on June 11, 2022, at Dennis Lesh Sports Are…

Bandar Sri Permaisuri adalah sebuah kota kecil baru di Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kota ini terletak dekat Bandar Tun Razak dan Salak South. Kota ini dibuka untuk perumahan penduduk pada tahun 2000. Bandar Sri Permaisuri terletak dekat Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. lbsKuala LumpurDivisi DBKL Damansara Seputeh Segambut Kepong Wangsa Maju Pusat Kota Kuala Lumpur Setiawangsa Bandar Tun Razak Sungai Besi Konstituensi Parlemen Bandar Tun Razak Batu Bukit Bintang Cheras Kepong Le…

Ride at Universal Studios Japan Jaws: The RideThe former entrance to Jaws at Universal Studios Florida, which was a popular photo spot in the park. The Tiger shark model seen above was later relocated to the adjacent San Francisco area.Universal Studios FloridaAreaSan Francisco/Amity IslandCoordinates28°28′48″N 81°28′12″W / 28.479877°N 81.469869°W / 28.479877; -81.469869StatusRemovedCostUS$45 millionOpening dateJune 7, 1990 (1990-06-07)Closing d…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya