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大卫·麦卡洛

David McCullough
出生David Gaub McCullough
(1933-07-07)1933年7月7日
美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡
逝世2022年8月7日(2022歲—08—07)（89歲）
美国马萨诸塞州欣厄姆
職業作家
母校耶鲁大学（BA）
創作時期1968–2019
主題美国历史
獎項
配偶Rosalee Barnes
（1954年结婚—2022年丧偶）
子女5

大卫·高布·麦卡洛（David Gaub McCullough /məˈkʌlə/；1933年7月7日—2022年8月7日），或译大衛·麥可洛夫、大卫·麦卡洛夫，是一位美国通俗历史学家、作家，两度获普利策奖和国家图书奖，2006年获總統自由勳章。[1][2]

麦卡洛写过不少通俗历史文学作品，涉及哈里·S·杜鲁门、约翰·亚当斯、西奥多·罗斯福、布鲁克林大桥、巴拿马运河和莱特兄弟等。他曾为多部纪录片担任旁白，主持了PBS电视纪录片系列《美国历史》十二年。

麦卡洛的两本普利策奖获奖作品《杜鲁门》和《约翰·亚当斯》分别被HBO改编成电视电影和迷你剧。

早年

麦卡洛出生于宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡Point Breeze[3] ，母亲名叫露丝（Ruth，娘家姓Rankin；1899年至1985年），父亲是克里斯蒂安·哈克斯·麦卡洛（Christian Hax McCullough，1899年至1989年）[4]，两人共育有四子。他有苏格兰、爱尔兰、英格兰、德国血统[5][6]，曾就读于匹兹堡的林登大道小学（Linden Avenue Grade School）和沙迪赛德学院（Shady Side Academy）。[2]

他小时候爱好广泛，喜欢体育和画卡通画[7]。麦卡洛的父母和祖母经常读书给他听[5]，平常也谈论一些历史话题[5]。他考虑过当建筑师、演员、画家、作家、律师，也想过读医学院[7]。

1951年，麦卡洛就读耶鲁大学[8]，学习英语文学。他很喜欢这里的文学氛围，当时約翰·奧哈拉、约翰·赫西、罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦和布伦丹·吉尔等都在此任教[9]。麦卡洛曾与桑顿·怀尔德共进午餐[9]，后者教给了他一些写作技巧[10]。

在耶鲁大学期间，他曾加入骷髅会[11]，曾在《时代》《生活》、美国新闻署和《美国遗产》[9]实习。1955年，他获得了英语文学学士学位，打算成为一名小说作家或剧作家[5][12][13]。

写作生涯

毕业后，麦卡洛进入《体育画报》实习[7]，后来曾在美国新闻署、《美国遗产》工作[3]。从事编辑和写作工作十二年后，麦卡洛决定做一些自己的事情[7]。

麦卡洛最初没打算写历史文学，但偶然发现约翰斯顿洪水是一个值得一讲的题材，因此创作了《约翰斯顿洪水》（The Johnstown Flood）一书，1968年出版[7]，获得好评。他当时经济困难[8]，但还是在妻子罗莎莉的鼓励下决定成为一名全职作家[7]。

《约翰斯顿洪水》成功后，有两家新出版商向他提供了合同，让他写芝加哥大火或旧金山大地震[14]，《约翰斯顿洪水》的出版商西蒙與舒斯特也提出了新合同[8]。他不想继续写悲剧题材[14]，决定瞄准布魯克林大橋历史[8]，此即《大桥》（The Great Bridge，1972）一书。同时，在编辑的建议下，他打算再写一部巴拿马运河香相关作品[8]。

《大洋之间》（The Path Between the Seas）在1977年出版[8]，获美國國家圖書獎[15]、弗朗西斯·帕克曼奖[16]、考李留斯·雷恩新聞獎等。同年，卡洛前往白宫就《巴拿马运河条约》向吉米·卡特和美国参议院提供建议[17]，卡特后来说，如果没有这本书条约可能不会通过[17]。

1981年与罗纳德·里根

麦卡洛的第四部作品《马背上的清晨》（Mornings on Horseback，1981）是他的第一部传记作品，表达了他的观点“历史是人的故事”[18] 。它描绘的是美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福从童年到1886年的故事[19]。该书再次获得国家图书奖，也获得了洛杉矶时报、纽约公共图书馆奖项[20]。

接下来，他陆续出版了散文集《勇敢的伙伴》（Brave Companions，1991）[21]和小说《杜鲁门》（Truman，1993年）。后者为他赢得第一个普利策奖[22]和第二个弗朗西斯·帕克曼奖。1995年，这本书被改编为HBO的同名电视电影[8]。

2001年，麦卡洛出版了《约翰·亚当斯》，也是一部畅销书[8]，2002年获普利策奖[22]。2008年，这部作品由HBO改编为同名迷你剧[23]。

麦卡洛的《1776》（2005）讲述乔治·华盛顿和美国建国的故事[24]，也是一部畅销书[24]。他曾打算写《1776》的续集[24]，但因与西蒙与舒斯特出版公司的合同改为《伟大的旅程》（2011）[25]，讲述马克·吐温和萨缪尔·摩尔斯等19世纪美国人的成就[26]。

此后，麦卡洛又出版了《莱特兄弟》（2015）[27]、《拓荒者》（The Pioneers；2019）[28]。

个人生活

2008年麦卡洛在瓦萨学院演讲

1954年，麦卡洛与罗莎莉·巴恩斯（Rosalee Barnes）结婚，婚姻持续至2022年6月9日罗莎莉去世[29]。他们有五个孩子[30]。除去历史外，麦卡洛还喜欢运动和视觉艺术，包括水彩画和肖像画[31]。

作为一名注册中間選民，麦卡洛一般不公开评论当代政治问题，表示“我的专长是死去的政客。” 2016年总统选举期间，他打破惯例批评唐纳德·特朗普，称特朗普是“一个自负的可怕小丑”。[32]

麦卡洛于2022年8月7日在欣厄姆的家中去世，享年89岁。[33]

荣誉

2006年，乔治·W·布什授予麦卡洛总统自由勋章

他的作品已以多种语言出版[5]，并获得了众多奖项。1995年，美国国家图书基金会授予其终身美国文学杰出贡献奖[34]。2006年12月，他获得总统自由勋章[2]。

麦卡洛一生获得了40多个荣誉学位[35]、两项普利策奖、两项国家图书奖、两项弗朗西斯·帕克曼奖[36][37]、古根海姆奖[38]等等。

1993年3月22日，麦卡洛在耶鲁大学举办了第一届约翰·赫西讲座[39]。2003年，美国国家人文基金会选择麦卡洛主持杰斐逊讲座[40]。

2012年12月，宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼县宣布将重新命名匹兹堡第16街大桥以纪念麦卡洛。 [41]

参考文献

  1. ^ Biography at Simon & Schuster. [April 21, 2008]. （原始内容存档于June 6, 2008）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sherman, Jerome L. Presidential biographer gets presidential medal. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. December 16, 2006 [December 18, 2006]. （原始内容存档于January 18, 2012）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 David McCullough Biography and Interview. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. [May 6, 2019]. （原始内容存档于September 17, 2020）. 
  4. ^ David McCullough. National Book Awards Acceptance Speeches. National Book Foundation. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于April 15, 2008）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 David McCullough. The Charlie Rose Show. PBS. （原始内容存档于April 30, 2008）. 
  6. ^ Nexus: The Bimonthly Newsletter of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. The Society. August 9, 1994. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 David McCullough Biography and Interview. www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. [May 6, 2019]. （原始内容存档于September 17, 2020）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Hoover, Bob. David McCullough: America's historian, Pittsburgh son. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. December 30, 2001 [April 21, 2008]. （原始内容存档于February 3, 2012）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Cole, Bruce. David McCullough Interview. National Endowment for the Humanities. [April 22, 2008]. （原始内容存档于May 11, 2008）. 
  10. ^ Bolduc, Brian. Don't Know Much about History. The Wall Street Journal. June 18, 2001 [June 18, 2011]. （原始内容存档于December 16, 2019）. 
  11. ^ Robbins, Alexandra. Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power需要免费注册. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 2002: 127. ISBN 0-316-72091-7. 
  12. ^ Orthodox Church Patriarch and Entertainer Lena Horne Among Honorary Degree Recipients at Yale University (新闻稿). Yale University. May 25, 1998 [April 21, 2008]. （原始内容存档于July 1, 2015）. David McCullough graduated from Yale in 1955 with honors in English literature and began his career as writer and editor for Time Inc. in New York City. 
  13. ^ David McCullough. PBS. [April 21, 2008]. （原始内容存档于January 3, 2008）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Shaver, Leslie. A Painter of Words About the Past. Special Libraries Association. April 2003 [April 23, 2008]. （原始内容存档于October 29, 2002）. 
  15. ^ National Book Awards – 1978. National Book Foundation. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于April 11, 2019）. 
  16. ^ Francis Parkman Prize. Book Awards. LoveTheBook.com. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于November 16, 2018）. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Samuel Eliot Morison Award 1978. AmericanHeritage.com. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于September 29, 2007）. 
  18. ^ Giambarba, Paul. History is the Story of People. Not Events. CapeArts2. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于May 18, 2008）. 
  19. ^ Mornings on Horseback. ElectricEggplant. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于April 21, 2008）. 
  20. ^ Mornings on Horseback. SimonSays.com. [April 24, 2008]. （原始内容存档于August 9, 2022）. 
  21. ^ Andriani, Lynn. McCullough and S&S: 40 Years. Publishers Weekly. March 17, 2008 [April 25, 2008]. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Biography or Autobiography: Past winners and finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. [March 17, 2012]. （原始内容存档于June 28, 2019）. 
  23. ^ David McCullough's biography 'John Adams' becomes HBO miniseries. The Dallas Morning News. March 8, 2008 [May 3, 2008]. （原始内容存档于March 19, 2008）. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Guthmann, Edward. Best-selling author David McCullough writes his stories from the inside out. San Francisco Chronicle. June 27, 2005 [May 2, 2008]. （原始内容存档于December 6, 2009）. 
  25. ^ The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris. Simon & Schuster. 2011 [December 16, 2010]. ISBN 9781416571773. （原始内容存档于June 29, 2011）. 
  26. ^ Maslin, Janet. The Parisian Experience of American Pioneers. The New York Times. May 22, 2011 [June 8, 2011]. （原始内容存档于May 28, 2011）. 
  27. ^ Maslin, Janet. 'The Wright Brothers' by David McCullough. The New York Times. May 3, 2015 [May 20, 2021]. （原始内容存档于July 11, 2021）. 
  28. ^ New Book by Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author David McCullough About American Pioneers to be Published by Simon & Schuster. News and Corporate Information about Simon & Schuster, Inc. October 6, 2016 [October 6, 2016]. （原始内容存档于October 9, 2016） （美国英语）. 
  29. ^ Rosalee Barnes McCullough. Martha's Vineyard Times. June 21, 2022 [July 18, 2022]. （原始内容存档于July 18, 2022）. 
  30. ^ David McCullough. Smithsonian Institution. [January 3, 2009]. （原始内容存档于April 18, 2009）. 
  31. ^ David McCullough: Painting With Words. HBO. 2009 [January 3, 2009]. （原始内容存档于December 19, 2008）. 
  32. ^ Dwyer, Jim. Scholars Steeped in Dead Politicians Take On a Live One: Donald Trump. The New York Times. July 12, 2016 [July 23, 2017]. （原始内容存档于November 19, 2017）. 
  33. ^ Italie, Hillel. David McCullough, Pulitzer-winning historian, dies at 89. Associated Press. August 8, 2022 [August 8, 2022]. （原始内容存档于August 8, 2022）. 
  34. ^ Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. National Book Foundation. [March 12, 2012]. （原始内容存档于March 10, 2011）. With acceptance speech by McCullough and ex-post introduction by one of his publishers. 
  35. ^ Tziperman Lotan, Gal. McCullough tells Eastern Nazarene graduates their education is just beginning. The Patriot Ledger. May 17, 2009 [May 20, 2009]. （原始内容存档于August 8, 2009）. 
  36. ^ Saint Louis Literary Award – Saint Louis University. [July 25, 2016]. （原始内容存档于August 23, 2016）. 
  37. ^ Saint Louis University Library Associates. Recipients of the St. Louis Literary Award. [July 25, 2016]. （原始内容存档于July 31, 2016）. 
  38. ^ John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Fellows whose last names begin with M. [May 17, 2008]. （原始内容存档于April 8, 2008）. 
  39. ^ "A Life in Writing John Hersey, 1914–1993" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 18, 2008，.. Yale Alumni Magazine. October 1993.
  40. ^ Jefferson Lecturers 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 20, 2011，. at NEH Website (retrieved January 22, 2009).
  41. ^ Barcousky, Len. Historian McCullough 'humbled' by Pittsburgh bridge honor. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. December 6, 2012 [June 24, 2019]. （原始内容存档于June 25, 2019）. 

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mantralaya Mahatme – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1966 Indian filmMantralaya MahatmeDirected byT. V. Singh ThakurWritten byRajaguru RajacharyaBased onSri Raghavendra Vijayaby Rajagu...

 
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