Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

抛物线

抛物线、準線L與焦點F
每秒30次拍摄的跳跃的球所形成的抛物线轨迹
拋物線熔岩流

抛物线(parabola)属一種圓錐曲線,定义是在一個平面内,此線上的每一點 ,其與一個固定点 之間的距離等於 與一条不經過此点 的固定直线 之間的距离。这固定点 叫做抛物线的「焦点」,固定直线 叫做抛物线的「准线」。抛物线的离心率 必为1。

术语

  • 准线、焦点:见上。
  • 轴:抛物线是轴对称图形,它的对称轴简称
  • 顶点:抛物线与它的轴的交点叫做抛物线的顶点
  • 弦:抛物线的是连接抛物线上任意两点的线段
    • 焦弦:抛物线的焦弦是经过抛物线焦点的弦。
      • 正焦弦:抛物线的正焦弦是垂直于轴的焦弦。
  • 直径:抛物线的直径是抛物线一组平行弦中点的轨迹。这条直径也叫这组平行弦的共轭直径
    • 主要直径:抛物线的主要直径是抛物线的轴。

拋物線即把物體拋擲出去,落在遠處地面,這物體在空中經過的曲線。

性质

光学性质

焦点上的点光源发出的光线,经抛物线反射后平行于抛物线的对称轴。典型应用如手电筒

焦弦性质

  • 过抛物线焦弦两端的切线的交点在抛物线的准线上;
  • 过抛物线焦弦两端的切线互相垂直;
  • 以抛物线焦弦为直径的圆与抛物线的准线相切;
  • 过抛物线焦弦两端的切线的交点与抛物线的焦点的连线和焦点弦互相垂直;
  • 过焦弦两端的切线的交点与焦弦中点的连线,被抛物线所平分;
  • 过焦弦的一端作准线的垂线,垂足、頂点和焦弦的另一端点三点共线;
  • 由焦弦两端分别作准线的垂线,两垂足与抛物线焦点的连线互相垂直;
的圖象

标准方程

抛物线的标准方程有四个:
(开口向右);
(开口向左);
(开口向上);
(开口向下);
(p为焦准距)

  • 在抛物线中,焦点是,准线的方程是
  • 在抛物线中,焦点是,准线的方程是
  • 在抛物线中,焦点是,准线的方程是
  • 在抛物线中,焦点是,准线的方程是
    • c=焦點至頂點之距離的絕對值

参数方程

焦点在 x 轴正半轴的抛物线参数方程为:

依據基礎定義的公式

拋物線上任意一點P至準線之距離與P至焦點C的距離恆等
故得

抛物线的准线方程:将抛物线的方程化为标准形式:

抛物线的方程:,焦点在x轴上 它的准线为:

抛物线的方程:,焦点在y轴上 它的准线为:

抛物线 y2 = 4cx 的相关术语

安東尼·高第所設計的米拉公寓的拱型結構
  • 拋物線平移是自頂點(上式)移至頂點
  1. 截距:抛物线在轴和轴上的截距都是,也就是说,抛物线经过坐标原点,这个点是抛物线的顶点。
  2. 对称性:抛物线关于轴对称。
  3. 范围:因为,所以当时,y才有实数值。又因为,所以可取任何实数值。当增大时,的绝对值也随之增大,因此该抛物线在轴的右侧向上、向下无限伸展。
  4. 离心率:抛物线上一点到焦点的距离与这一点到准线的距离的比叫做抛物线的离心率。抛物线的离心率等于

過拋物線上一點 (x0, y0) 之切線方程式公式

若拋物線方程式為

則過此拋物線上一點之切線方程式為

若拋物線方程式為

則過此拋物線上一點之切線方程式為

  • 記憶方式:拋物線中的項,二次项为两半,改成

改成

改成改成

  • 一般式亦同 ()

参见

Read other articles:

أمين نازاري   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 26 أبريل 1993 (30 سنة)[1]  مالمو  الطول 1.81 م (5 قدم 11 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية السويد إيران الفلبين  أخوة وأخوات أميد نظري  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي PT Prachuap F.C. [الإنجليزية]‏ الرقم 93 مسيرة الشباب سنوات فر

 

Not to be confused with Blackheath, London. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Blackheath, West Midlands – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Human settlement in EnglandBlackheathBlackheath MarketplaceBlackheathLocation...

 

Senegalese prime minister Abdoul MbayePrime Minister of SenegalIn office5 April 2012 – 1 September 2013PresidentMacky SallPreceded bySouleymane Ndéné NdiayeSucceeded byAminata Touré Personal detailsBorn (1953-04-13) 13 April 1953 (age 70)[1]Dakar, SenegalPolitical partyIndependentAlma materUniversity of DakarHEC ParisUniversity of Paris Abdoul Mbaye is a Senegalese banker and politician who was Prime Minister of Senegal from April 2012 until September 2013. He is a ...

Saja noreum dari Bukcheong. Saja noreum (사자놀음; permainan singa), sajachum, sajamu (tarian singa) adalah jenis talchum yang menampilkan tarian singa tradisional Korea.[1] Dua orang mengenakan topeng dan badan yang meniru singa lalu menari mengiringi musik. Saja noreum sering kali dimainkan pada hari raya seperti Daeboreum.[1] Tradisinya, pada masa lalu pertunjukkan ini ditampilkan untuk mengusir arwah jahat dari rumah-rumah dan desa.[1] Di beberapa daerah saja n...

 

Eurovision Song Contest 2010Country RussiaNational selectionSelection processEvrovidenie 2010Selection date(s)7 March 2010Selected entrantPeter Nalitch and FriendsSelected songLost and ForgottenSelected songwriter(s)Peter NalitchFinals performanceSemi-final resultQualified (7th, 74 points)Final result11th, 90 pointsRussia in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄2009 • 2010 • 2011► Russia participated at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, held in Oslo, No...

 

Gerald FitzGerald, XI conde de KildareInformación personalNacimiento 1525 Fallecimiento 1585 Londres (Reino de Inglaterra) FamiliaFamilia Familia FitzGerald Padres Gerald FitzGerald, IX conde de Kildare Elizabeth Grey, Countess of Kildare Cónyuge Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare (desde 1554) Hijos Henry FitzGerald, XII conde de KildareWilliam FitzGerald, XIII conde de Kildare Información profesionalOcupación Aristócrata Cargos ocupados Conde de Kildare [editar datos en Wikidat...

Japanese film awards For other uses, see Blue Ribbon Award (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Blue Ribbon Awards – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Blue Ribbon AwardsAwarded forExcellence in film ma...

 

German sculptor (born 1932) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (December 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated...

 

Species of palm Thrinax radiata Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Apparently Secure (NatureServe)[2] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Arecales Family: Arecaceae Genus: Thrinax Species: T. radiata Binomial name Thrinax radiataLodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. Synonyms[3] Coccothrinax radiata Thrinax floridiana Thrinax martii Thrinax wendlandiana Thrina...

Wi-fi network provided by local government Computer network typesby scale Nanoscale Near-field (NFC) Body Personal (PAN) Near-me Local (LAN) Storage (SAN) Wireless (WLAN) Virtual (VLAN) Home (HAN) Building Campus (CAN) Backbone Metropolitan (MAN) Municipal wireless (MWN) Wide (WAN) Cloud Internet Interplanetary Internet vte LinkNYC was announced by New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio in 2014 and will eventually replace the city's network of payphones. A municipal wireless network is a citywide...

 

2005 novel by Irvin D. Yalom This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Schopenhauer Cure – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Schopenhauer Cure First editionAuthorIrvin D. YalomCountry United StatesLanguageEnglish...

 

Body of water in San Francisco Bay McCovey Cove (2002) McCovey Cove is the unofficial name of a section of San Francisco Bay beyond the right field wall of Oracle Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, named after famed Giants first baseman Willie McCovey. The proper name for the cove is China Basin, which is the mouth of Mission Creek as it meets the bay. The cove is bounded along the north by Oracle Park, with a ferry landing and a breakwater at the northeast end. The southern shore is lin...

Fictional character from the U.S. television series Married... with Children, played by Ed O'Neill. Fictional character Al BundyMarried... with Children characterEd O'Neill as Al BundyFirst appearancePilotLast appearanceHow to Marry a Moron[1][2]Created byMichael G. MoyeRon LeavittPortrayed byEd O'NeillIn-universe informationGenderMaleOccupationWomen's shoe salesmanFamilyFather (deceased)Mother (died during series)Eugene Bundy (brother)SpousePeggy Bundy (née Wanker, married i...

 

Video game franchise Doom (video game) redirects here. For the 1993 game, see Doom (1993 video game). For the 2016 game, see Doom (2016 video game). DoomCreated by John Carmack John Romero Adrian Carmack Kevin Cloud Tom Hall Original workDoom (1993)Ownerid Software (Microsoft)Years1993–presentPrint publicationsNovel(s)Novel seriesComicsDoom (1996)Films and televisionFilm(s)Doom (2005)Direct-to-videoDoom: Annihilation (2019)GamesTraditionalDoom: The Boardgame (2004)Video game(s)List of video...

 

Canadian sea captain (1776–1824) For the ice hockey player and coach, see Joseph Barss (ice hockey). For the mariner, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, see Joseph Barss (politician). Joseph Barss JuniorJoseph Barss (1776 - 1824)Born(1776-02-21)21 February 1776Liverpool, Nova ScotiaDied3 August 1824(1824-08-03) (aged 48)near Kentville, Nova ScotiaResting placeKentville, Nova Scotia, Canada45°4′39″N 64°29′45″W / 45.07750°N 64.49583°W / 45.0...

2005 song by R.E.M. WanderlustSingle by R.E.M.from the album Around the Sun B-sideThe OutsidersReleasedJuly 11, 2005 (2005-07-11)[1]Length3:03LabelWarner Bros.Songwriter(s)Peter BuckMike MillsMichael StipeProducer(s)Pat McCarthyR.E.M.R.E.M. singles chronology Electron Blue (2005) Wanderlust (2005) #9 Dream (2007) Wanderlust is a song by American rock band R.E.M. It was released as their fourth and final single from their 13th studio album, Around the Sun (2004), peaking...

 

Drawing of a snake in a three-dimensional hypercube. The snake-in-the-box problem in graph theory and computer science deals with finding a certain kind of path along the edges of a hypercube. This path starts at one corner and travels along the edges to as many corners as it can reach. After it gets to a new corner, the previous corner and all of its neighbors must be marked as unusable. The path should never travel to a corner which has been marked unusable. In other words, a snake is a con...

 

Вооруженные силы Королевства Египет Годы существования 1922 - 1952 Страна Королевство Египетараб. المملكة المصرية‎ Воинское звание Вооруженных сил Королевства Египет — определяет положение (права, обязанности) военных Вооруженных сил Королевства Египет по отношению к �...

Seorang pemain dalam permainan airsoft. Airsoft adalah sebuah olahraga atau permainan yang menyimulasikan kegiatan militer atau kepolisian, yang menggunakan replika senjata api yang disebut airsoft gun. Permainan airsoft awalnya dimulai di Jepang pada tahun 1970-an, yang mana kepemilikan senjata api sangat sulit atau tidak mungkin untuk didapatkan karena ketatnya peraturan, kemudian para pencinta senjata api lalu mencari alternatif yang legal untuk melakukan hobi mereka. Dan sekarang kegiatan...

 

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Брентфорд (значения). БрентфордБрентфорд на карте Большого Лондона Центр Брентфорда Бре́нтфорд (англ. Brentford) — город на западе Большого Лондона (Англия), часть округа Хаунслоу. Расположен на расстоянии 13 км к западу...

 
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya