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涉禽

关于生物分类框涉禽
合适生境内的多种涉禽，包含彩鹮、白鹭及黑翅长脚鹬
合适生境内的多种涉禽，包含彩鹮、白鹭及黑翅长脚鹬
科学分类编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 鸟纲 Aves
演化支： 今颚类 Neognathae
演化支： 新鸟类 Neoaves
传统分类中包含的子类群

涉禽（Grallatores），是根據生活型態及棲息地類型所劃分出的一種鳥類分類。[1]於生物分類學中，其範圍主要指鳥綱下數個現存目：鶴形目、鸛形目（及後續拆分而出的紅鸛目）及部分歸於鴴形目鳥類（鷗亞目下的物種除外）。[1][2]

雖然涉禽常常被認為同義於英語中的「Shorebirds」、「Wader」或「Wading bird」，但實際上包含的範圍有所不同：其中「Shorebirds」在英式英語中的意思為「經常出現在岸邊的鳥」，而美式英語中則是特別指稱「鷸鴴類鳥類」；「Wader」則恰好相反。[3]而「Wading bird」則特指腿較長的涉水鳥類。[3]但均非中文中涉禽的完整範圍。[4]

涉禽在外觀上有著修長的體型：通常而言會擁有喙長、頸長、腿長的「三長」特徵，且趾間具有部分蹼狀構造。[5][4]牠們通常生活在各種水域邊的淺灘地帶、耕地、水田或山邊溪流附近的森林中。[4]多善於在沼澤及岸邊涉水而過，捕食於淺水水體、水底、污泥內或地面上的獵物，但不適合游泳。[6][4][7]較為著名的涉禽有丹頂鶴及白鹭等。[6]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 常家传; 马金生; 鲁长虎 (编). 鸟类学 2. 东北林业大学出版社. 1998: 35–36. ISBN 7810083767 （中文（中国大陆））. 
  2. ^ Jarvis, Erich D.; Mirarab, Siavash; Aberer, Andre J.; Li, Bo; Houde, Peter; et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014-12-12, 346 (6215): 1320–1331 [2024-03-20]. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. （原始内容存档于2023-05-21）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Perera, Priyan; Marasinghe, Sumudu; Simpson, Greg D.; Newsome, David. An Introduction to Shorebirds and Recreation in Coastal Zones. Recreational Disturbance of Shorebirds in Tropical Asia (Springer International Publishing). 2022: 1–10 [2024-03-22]. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13968-0_1. （原始内容存档于2024-03-22） （英语）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 涉禽. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. [2024-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-22） （中文（中国大陆））. 
  5. ^ 赵建成; 吴跃峰 (编). 生物资源学 第二版. 2008-09. ISBN 9787030227393 （中文（中国大陆））. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 石红艳; 刘昊; 杨丽红. 动物学野外实习手册. 科学出版社. 2016: 34. ISBN 978-7030472199 （中文（中国大陆））. 
  7. ^ 草地涉禽. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. [2024-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-22） （中文（中国大陆））. 
鸟类生态类群
非洲鸵鸟 鸳鸯 大白鹭 藍腹鷴 鹗 大斑啄木鸟 斑鸫 秘鲁企鹅
走禽 游禽 涉禽 陆禽 猛禽 攀禽 鳴禽 楔翼

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