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湖畔南方古猿

湖畔南方古猿
化石时期:4.2–3.8 Ma
上新世
湖畔南方古猿的化石
绝灭(化石)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 灵长目 Primates
科: 人科 Hominidae
属: 南方古猿属 Australopithecus
种:
湖畔南方古猿 A. anamensis
二名法
Australopithecus anamensis
Leakey et al., 1995

湖畔南方古猿Australopithecus anamensis),又名南方古猿湖畔種,是一種南方古猿。牠的首個化石只有一個於1965年在肯雅圖爾卡納湖東部上新世地層發現的肱骨。這個標本被臨時編入南方古猿屬中,並是屬於400萬年前。於1987年,加拿大考古學家Allan Morton在這個位點附近發現一些化石碎片。6年後古人類學米芙·利基等人再在這個地方發掘出更多的人科化石碎片,包括完整的下頜骨,這個下頜骨像黑猩猩 ,但牙齒卻像人類。於1995年,米芙·利基等人將這些化石與阿法南方古猿比較,並命名為湖畔南方古猿。[1]

雖然發掘隊沒有發現任何臀部、肢或腳,米芙·利基相信湖畔南方古猿經常攀樹。早期的人亞科仍然保有攀樹的習性,直至首個人屬於250萬年前出現。湖畔南方古猿有很多特徵都像阿法南方古猿,故有可能是其直接祖先。湖畔南方古猿相信是生存於410-390萬年前。最古老的標本是在介乎417-412萬年前的火山灰中發現,與阿法南方古猿的化石紀錄屬於同一時期。

已發現的湖畔南方古猿化石有上下顎、頭顱骨碎片、並脛骨的上下部份。另外,在卡納波依發現的肱骨碎片亦是屬於湖畔南方古猿的。

於2006年亦發表了新的湖畔南方古猿化石,牠的分佈地擴展至埃塞俄比亞的東北部。這些新發現的化石包括了已知最大的人科犬齒,及最古老的南方古猿大腿骨[2]發現的地方是中阿瓦什,亦是其他幾個其他南方古猿的地方。距離這個位點只有6里的地方,正是發現始祖地猿的位點。地猿是更為原始的人科,較湖畔南方古猿要古老20萬年,足以填補人科在南方古猿以前的演化歷史。[3]

參考

  1. ^ M. G. Leakey, C. S. Feibel, I. MacDougall & A. Walker. New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature. 1995-08-17, 376 (6541): 565–571. 
  2. ^ White, Tim D.; et al. Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus. Nature. 2006-04-13, 440 (7086): 883–889. doi:10.1038/nature04629. 
  3. ^ Borenstein, Seth. New Fossil Links Up Human Evolution. The Associated Press. [2006-04-13]. 

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