王季茝

王季茝
王季茝
	1914年维斯理学院年鑒中的王季茝
英文名	Chi Che Wang
出生	1894年10月3日; 大清江蘇省苏州府
逝世	1979年10月10日（85歲）; 美国堪薩斯州托皮卡
职业	生物化學家、教授、研究員
亲属	王颂蔚家族

王季茝（chǎi）（英語：Chi Che Wang，1894年10月3日—1979年10月10日），晚清生物化學家，1910年代在维斯理学院和芝加哥大学畢業，是清末民初已知最早的留洋女博士^[1]，已知最早於美國高等教育界取得正式教職的中國女性。

早年生活與教育

王季茝出生于江南科举世家——苏州王氏，祖上为明朝探花、内阁大学士王鏊。父亲王颂蔚为晚清进士，官至戶部郎中、軍機章京，鼓励士人学习测量、化學、光学等。1895年王颂蔚病逝，妻子王谢长达携子女自京返乡。王谢长达是中国妇女运动者，在苏州积极创办放足会、振华女子小学。^[1]

王季茝曾就讀於蘇州景海女塾，後至日本同志社女校留学。1907年，王季茝考取官费留美资格，与宋庆林等人一同赴美留学。但因程度未合格，先在馬薩諸塞州核桃山學校（英语：Walnut Hill School）就读，1910年进入维斯理学院，成為該校最早的亞裔校友之一。^[1]^[2]她先後於1916年及1918年分別獲得芝加哥大学化學碩士及化學及營養學博士，^[3]^[4]博士論文題為《皮蛋與燕窩的化學》^[5]。她亦曾於约翰斯·霍普金斯大学擔任博士後職位。^[6]

職業生涯

王季茝在攻讀博士期間和之後任教於芝加哥大學，是已知最早於美國高等教育界取得正式教職的中國女性。^[7]她在1920至1930年間曾為邁克爾里斯醫院（英语：Michael Reese Hospital）的醫學研究主管。1930年代，她任職於辛辛纳提大學兒童醫院，^[8]負責進行與兒童新陳代謝有關的研究；^[9]及後於1940年代在西北酵母公司任職了一段短暫的時間。她於1943至1946年間重返學術界，於西北大學醫學院擔任生理學系的助理教授。數年後，她於梅奥医院工作。1950至1953年間，她重返西北大學，任職生物化學系助理教授。^[4]

1947至1954年間，王季茝於海因斯退伍軍人管理醫院新陳代謝實驗室工作。^[3]1954年後，她轉至托皮卡一所退伍軍人實驗室工作，期間曾為「若干類精神病患的新陳代謝」、「口服洗潔精對血脂的影響」及「各種食物對血清穀草轉胺酶影響之研究」等數項研究的共同領導。^[10]她於1961年退休。^[6]

王季茝曾為维斯理学院中國學生基督教协会的副主席，^[1]^[11]亦是芝加哥中國女性俱樂部的創始成員之一。1922年，她被推選為美國科學促進會的成員之一。^[3]1929年，她獲芝加哥一女子組織嘉許為「女性領袖」。^[12]她亦曾是兒童發展研究學會（英语：Society for Research in Child Development）、美國生物化學家協會（英语：American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology）及美国化学学会的成員之一。^[6]她的研究成果曾刊載於《Archives of Internal Medicine》^[13]、《Journal of Biological Chemistry》^[14]、《Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine》^[15]及《American Journal of Diseases of Children》^[16]等学术期刊，亦在報章的新聞專題上發表。^[17]

出版選集

「Chinese Preserved Eggs; Pidan」（1916年，與凱瑟琳·布朗特（英语：Katherine Blunt）合著）^[14]
「The Composition of Chinese Edible Bird's Nests and the Nature of Their Proteins」（1921年）^[18]
「The Isolation and the Nature of the Amino Sugar of Chinese Edible Birds' Nests」（1921年）^[19]
「A Comparison of the Metabolism of Some Mineral Constituents of Cow's Milk and of Breast Milk in the Same Infant」（1924年，與大衛·B·威特及奧古斯塔·R·費爾徹合著）^[20]
「Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, II. Basal Metabolism」（1924年，與所羅門·斯特勞斯及M. Dye合著）^[21]
「Metabolism of Undernourished Children III. Urinary Nitrogen with Special Reference to Creatinine」（1926年，與露絲·克恩及瑪格麗特·弗蘭克合著）^[22]
「Metabolism of Undernourished Children VII. Effect of High and Low Protein Diets on the Nitrogen and Caloric Balance of Undernourished Children」（1928年，與讓·E·霍克斯及米爾德里德·考徹合著）^[16]
「Minimum Requirement of Calcium and Phosphorus in Children」（1930年，與露絲·克恩及米爾德里德·考徹合著）^[23]
「Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States」（1932年）^[15]
「Improvements in the methods for calcium determination in biological material」（1935年）^[24]
「Metabolism of Adolescent Girls, III. The Excretion of Creatinine and Creatine」（1936年，與艾達·根瑟及科琳·霍格登合著）^[25]
「Basal Metabolism and Preformed and Total Creatinine in Urine of Seventy Children」（1939年）^[26]

個人生活

王季茝的丈夫是太常寺卿袁昶之子袁梁肃，但两人婚姻并不幸福。赴美之后王季茝再未结婚。^[1]

王季茝於1947年，按照麦诺森法案的規定成為美國公民。^[6]她於1979年逝世。^[3]^[27]

2004年，芝加哥一處新建的公園以王季茝命名。她曾工作过的西北大学医学中心距离公园僅有2英里。^[28]^[29]^[1]

参见

王颂蔚家族

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 康静; 李艳平. 中国第一位女化学博士——王季茝. 中国科技史杂志. 2012, 33 (2): 167-175.
^ Tsao, Miss F. Y. A Brief History of Chinese Women-Students in America. The Chinese Students' Monthly. May 1911, 6: 620–621 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Chi Che Wang (1914). Wellesley College. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-20）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Chi Che Wang, PhD. Northwestern University. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）（英语）.
^ Wang, Chi Che. The chemistry of Chinese preserved eggs and Chinese edible birds' nests. 1921. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36854.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. 2003-12-16: 1345 [2021-11-24]. ISBN 978-1-135-96343-9. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）.
^ Obiakor, Festus E.; Hui-Michael, Ying. Voices of Asian Americans in Higher Education: Unheard Stories. IAP. 2018-10-01: 122 [2021-11-24]. ISBN 978-1-64113-434-7. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）.
^ Seen and Heard at Convention. Detroit Free Press. 1931-06-26: 9 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10） –通过Newspapers.com.
^ Childen's Hospital Foundation Dedicated to Alleviation of Suffering of Youngsters. The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1931-05-21: 8 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09） –通过Newspapers.com.
^ Administration, United States Veterans. Medical Research in the Veterans' Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1958: 423, 487 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）. Metabolism of Certain Types of Psychiatric Patients", "Effect on Blood Lipids of Orally Administered Detergents", "A Study on the Influence of Foods on Serum Glutamic Oxalo-acetic Transaminase
^ Reports of Chairmen. The Chinese Students' Monthly. December 10, 1910, 6: 193 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.
^ Girl Achievement Winners Honor Women Leaders in Various Fields. Chicago Tribune. 1929-10-27: 3 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09） –通过Newspapers.com.
^ Wang, Chi Che; Strouse, Solomon. Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, III. The Specific Dynamic Action of Food. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1924-10-01, 34 (4): 573. ISSN 0730-188X. doi:10.1001/archinte.1924.00120040159015 （英语）.
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 Blunt, Katharine, and Chi Che Wang. "Chinese Preserved Eggs—Pidan." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 28.1 (1916): 125-134.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 Wang, Chi Che. Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1932-07-01, 44 (1): 69. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1932.01950080079008 （英语）.
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 Wang, Chi Che. Metabolism of Undernourished Children VII. Effect of High and Low Protein Diets on the Nitrogen and Caloric Balance of Undernourished Children. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1928-12-01, 36 (6): 1161. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1928.01920300070006 （英语）.
^ Varied Diet of the Chinese. Tampa Bay Times. 1923-11-07: 13 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10） –通过Newspapers.com.
^ Wang, Chi Che. "The Composition of Chinese Edible Bird's Nests and the Nature of Their Proteins." Journal of Biological Chemistry 49.2 (1921): 429-439.
^ Wang, Chi Che. "The Isolation and the Nature of the Amino Sugar of Chinese Edible Birds' Nests." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 49.2 (1921): 441-452.
^ Wang, Chi Che. A Comparison of the Metabolism of Some Mineral Constituents of Cow's Milk and of Breast Milk in the Same Infant. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1924-04-01, 27 (4): 352 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1924.01920100057007. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ Strouse, Solomon. Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, II. Basal Metabolism. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1924-09-01, 34 (3): 275 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0730-188X. doi:10.1001/archinte.1924.00120030010002. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ Wang, Chi Che. Metabolism of Undernourished Children III. Urinary Nitrogen with Special Reference to Creatinine. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1926-09-01, 32 (3): 360 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1926.04130090037005. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ Wang, Chi Che. Minimum Requirement of Calcium and Phosphorus in Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1930-04-01, 39 (4): 768 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1930.01930160086009. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ Wang, Chi Che. "Improvements in the methods for calcium determination in biological material." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 111.2 (1935): 443-453.
^ Che Wang, Chi. Metabolism of Adolescent Girls, III. The Excretion of Creatinine and Creatine. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1936-06-01, 51 (6): 1268 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1936.01970180014002. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ Wang, Chi Che. Basal Metabolism and Preformed and Total Creatinine in Urine of Seventy Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1939-04-01, 57 (4): 838 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1939.01990040102007. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.
^ 1921: Birds Nests & The First Chinese Woman PhD in Chicago. Chinese American Museum of Chicago. 2018-04-26 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）（美国英语）.
^ Wang (Chi Che) Park. Chicago Park District. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10）（美国英语）.
^ Chi Che Wang, 1894-1979. Wander Women Project. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24）（英语）.

外部連結

王季茝公園顧問委員會（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）網站

[:1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 康静; 李艳平. 中国第一位女化学博士——王季茝. 中国科技史杂志. 2012, 33 (2): 167-175.

[2] Tsao, Miss F. Y. A Brief History of Chinese Women-Students in America. The Chinese Students' Monthly. May 1911, 6: 620–621 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.

[:12-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Chi Che Wang (1914). Wellesley College. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-20）（英语）.

[:22-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Chi Che Wang, PhD. Northwestern University. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）（英语）.

[5] Wang, Chi Che. The chemistry of Chinese preserved eggs and Chinese edible birds' nests. 1921. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36854.

[:33-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. 2003-12-16: 1345 [2021-11-24]. ISBN 978-1-135-96343-9. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）.

[:0-7] Obiakor, Festus E.; Hui-Michael, Ying. Voices of Asian Americans in Higher Education: Unheard Stories. IAP. 2018-10-01: 122 [2021-11-24]. ISBN 978-1-64113-434-7. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）.

[8] Seen and Heard at Convention. Detroit Free Press. 1931-06-26: 9 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10） –通过Newspapers.com.

[9] Childen's Hospital Foundation Dedicated to Alleviation of Suffering of Youngsters. The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1931-05-21: 8 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09） –通过Newspapers.com.

[10] Administration, United States Veterans. Medical Research in the Veterans' Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1958: 423, 487 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）（英语）. Metabolism of Certain Types of Psychiatric Patients", "Effect on Blood Lipids of Orally Administered Detergents", "A Study on the Influence of Foods on Serum Glutamic Oxalo-acetic Transaminase

[11] Reports of Chairmen. The Chinese Students' Monthly. December 10, 1910, 6: 193 [2021-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-24）.

[12] Girl Achievement Winners Honor Women Leaders in Various Fields. Chicago Tribune. 1929-10-27: 3 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09） –通过Newspapers.com.

[13] Wang, Chi Che; Strouse, Solomon. Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, III. The Specific Dynamic Action of Food. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1924-10-01, 34 (4): 573. ISSN 0730-188X. doi:10.1001/archinte.1924.00120040159015 （英语）.

[:4-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Blunt, Katharine, and Chi Che Wang. "Chinese Preserved Eggs—Pidan." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 28.1 (1916): 125-134.

[:5-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Wang, Chi Che. Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1932-07-01, 44 (1): 69. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1932.01950080079008 （英语）.

[:6-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Wang, Chi Che. Metabolism of Undernourished Children VII. Effect of High and Low Protein Diets on the Nitrogen and Caloric Balance of Undernourished Children. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1928-12-01, 36 (6): 1161. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1928.01920300070006 （英语）.

[17] Varied Diet of the Chinese. Tampa Bay Times. 1923-11-07: 13 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10） –通过Newspapers.com.

[18] Wang, Chi Che. "The Composition of Chinese Edible Bird's Nests and the Nature of Their Proteins." Journal of Biological Chemistry 49.2 (1921): 429-439.

[19] Wang, Chi Che. "The Isolation and the Nature of the Amino Sugar of Chinese Edible Birds' Nests." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 49.2 (1921): 441-452.

[20] Wang, Chi Che. A Comparison of the Metabolism of Some Mineral Constituents of Cow's Milk and of Breast Milk in the Same Infant. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1924-04-01, 27 (4): 352 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1924.01920100057007. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[21] Strouse, Solomon. Studies on the Metabolism of Obesity, II. Basal Metabolism. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1924-09-01, 34 (3): 275 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0730-188X. doi:10.1001/archinte.1924.00120030010002. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[22] Wang, Chi Che. Metabolism of Undernourished Children III. Urinary Nitrogen with Special Reference to Creatinine. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1926-09-01, 32 (3): 360 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1926.04130090037005. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[23] Wang, Chi Che. Minimum Requirement of Calcium and Phosphorus in Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1930-04-01, 39 (4): 768 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1930.01930160086009. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[24] Wang, Chi Che. "Improvements in the methods for calcium determination in biological material." （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Journal of Biological Chemistry 111.2 (1935): 443-453.

[25] Che Wang, Chi. Metabolism of Adolescent Girls, III. The Excretion of Creatinine and Creatine. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1936-06-01, 51 (6): 1268 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 0096-8994. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1936.01970180014002. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[26] Wang, Chi Che. Basal Metabolism and Preformed and Total Creatinine in Urine of Seventy Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1939-04-01, 57 (4): 838 [2021-12-04]. ISSN 1072-4710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1939.01990040102007. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）（英语）.

[27] 1921: Birds Nests & The First Chinese Woman PhD in Chicago. Chinese American Museum of Chicago. 2018-04-26 [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-09）（美国英语）.

[28] Wang (Chi Che) Park. Chicago Park District. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10）（美国英语）.

[29] Chi Che Wang, 1894-1979. Wander Women Project. [2021-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24）（英语）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

王季茝

早年生活與教育

職業生涯

出版選集

個人生活

参见

參考資料

外部連結

Read other articles:

Hot Space Tour

Tomorrow Boy

New moon

鈴木俊夫 (政治家)

Hikayat Kalilah dan Dimnah

Busana muslim

Phaidon Press

Boron

O'Hare International Airport

若竹級驅逐艦

استهلاك المهاجرين للغذاء

Manambolo

Guerrilla Warfare (book)

Zico

Ely Galleani

Murder of John Lennon

1902 Oregon gubernatorial election

Credibility thesis

Penaklukan Goa oleh Portugis

Magical Mystery Tour