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釤的同位素

主要的釤同位素
同位素 衰變
丰度 半衰期 (t1/2) 方式 能量
MeV
產物
144Sm 3.08% 穩定,帶82粒中子
146Sm 痕量 9.20×107 [1] α 2.529 142Nd
147Sm 15.00% 1.06×1011  α 2.311 143Nd
148Sm 11.25% 7×1015  α 1.987 144Nd
149Sm 13.82% 穩定,帶87粒中子
150Sm 7.37% 穩定,帶88粒中子
151Sm 人造 94.6  β 0.077 151Eu
152Sm 26.74% 穩定,帶90粒中子
153Sm 人造 46.2846 小時 β 0.808 153Eu
154Sm 22.74% 穩定,帶92粒中子
標準原子質量英语Standard atomic weight (Ar, 標準)
←Pm61 Eu63

原子量:150.36(2))在自然界中存在5种稳定同位素144Sm、149Sm、150Sm、152Sm、154Sm)和2种长寿命放射性同位素(半衰期1.06×1011年的147Sm和半衰期7×1015年的148Sm),其中152Sm的丰度最高,达26.74%。146Sm的半衰期也很长,但不足以在今天大量存在,现为绝种核素英语extinct radionuclide。它可用于太阳系的测年。[3][4]2012年一篇把146Sm的半衰期从10.3(5)×107年更新到6.8(7)×107年的论文已于2023年撤稿。[4][5]它是不确定是不是原生核素英语primordial nuclide的核素中半衰期最长的。

除了以上8种同位素以外,钐最长寿的放射性同位素是半衰期94.6年的151Sm[6]以及半衰期340天的145Sm。剩下的同位素原子量介于129至168,半衰期都短于两天。

圖表

符號 Z N 同位素質量(u
[n 1][n 2]
半衰期
[n 1][n 2][n 3]
衰變
方式
[7]
衰變
產物

[n 4][n 5]
原子核
自旋[n 1]
相對豐度
莫耳分率)[n 2]
相對豐度
的變化量
莫耳分率)
激發能量[n 1][n 2]
129Sm 62 67 128.95464(54)# 550(100) ms 5/2+#
130Sm 62 68 129.94892(43)# 1# s β+ 130Pm 0+
131Sm 62 69 130.94611(32)# 1.2(2) s β+ 131Pm 5/2+#
β+, p (不常見) 130Nd
132Sm 62 70 131.94069(32)# 4.0(3) s β+ 132Pm 0+
β+, p 131Nd
133Sm 62 71 132.93867(21)# 2.90(17) s β+ 133Pm (5/2+)
β+, p 132Nd
134Sm 62 72 133.93397(21)# 10(1) s β+ 134Pm 0+
135Sm 62 73 134.93252(17) 10.3(5) s β+ (99.98%) 135Pm (7/2+)
β+, p (.02%) 134Nd
135mSm 0(300)# keV 2.4(9) s β+ 135Pm (3/2+,5/2+)
136Sm 62 74 135.928276(13) 47(2) s β+ 136Pm 0+
136mSm 2264.7(11) keV 15(1) µs (8-)
137Sm 62 75 136.92697(5) 45(1) s β+ 137Pm (9/2-)
137mSm 180(50)# keV 20# s β+ 137Pm 1/2+#
138Sm 62 76 137.923244(13) 3.1(2) min β+ 138Pm 0+
139Sm 62 77 138.922297(12) 2.57(10) min β+ 139Pm 1/2+
139mSm 457.40(22) keV 10.7(6) s IT (93.7%) 139Sm 11/2-
β+ (6.3%) 139Pm
140Sm 62 78 139.918995(13) 14.82(12) min β+ 140Pm 0+
141Sm 62 79 140.918476(9) 10.2(2) min β+ 141Pm 1/2+
141mSm 176.0(3) keV 22.6(2) min β+ (99.69%) 141Pm 11/2-
IT (.31%) 141Sm
142Sm 62 80 141.915198(6) 72.49(5) min β+ 142Pm 0+
143Sm 62 81 142.914628(4) 8.75(8) min β+ 143Pm 3/2+
143m1Sm 753.99(16) keV 66(2) s IT (99.76%) 143Sm 11/2-
β+ (.24%) 143Pm
143m2Sm 2793.8(13) keV 30(3) ms 23/2(-)
144Sm 62 82 143.911999(3) 觀測上穩定[n 6] 0+ 0.0307(7)
144mSm 2323.60(8) keV 880(25) ns 6+
145Sm 62 83 144.913410(3) 340(3) d ε 145Pm 7/2-
145mSm 8786.2(7) keV 990(170) ns
[0.96(+19-15) µs]
(49/2+)
146Sm[n 7] 62 84 145.913041(4) 9.20(26)×107 a[1] α 142Nd 0+ 痕量
147Sm[n 7][n 8][n 9] 62 85 146.9148979(26) 1.06(2)×1011 a α 143Nd 7/2- 0.1499(18)
148Sm[n 7] 62 86 147.9148227(26) 7(3)×1015 a α 144Nd 0+ 0.1124(10)
149Sm[n 8][n 10] 62 87 148.9171847(26) 觀測上穩定[n 11] 7/2- 0.1382(7)
150Sm 62 88 149.9172755(26) 觀測上穩定[n 12] 0+ 0.0738(1)
151Sm[n 8][n 10] 62 89 150.9199324(26) 88.8(24) a β 151Eu 5/2-
151mSm 261.13(4) keV 1.4(1) µs (11/2)-
152Sm[n 8] 62 90 151.9197324(27) 觀測上穩定[n 13] 0+ 0.2675(16)
153Sm[n 8] 62 91 152.9220974(27) 46.284(4) h β 153Eu 3/2+
153mSm 98.37(10) keV 10.6(3) ms IT 153Sm 11/2-
154Sm[n 8] 62 92 153.9222093(27) 觀測上穩定[n 14] 0+ 0.2275(29)
155Sm 62 93 154.9246402(28) 22.3(2) min β 155Eu 3/2-
156Sm 62 94 155.925528(10) 9.4(2) h β 156Eu 0+
156mSm 1397.55(9) keV 185(7) ns 5-
157Sm 62 95 156.92836(5) 8.03(7) min β 157Eu (3/2-)
158Sm 62 96 157.92999(8) 5.30(3) min β 158Eu 0+
159Sm 62 97 158.93321(11) 11.37(15) s β 159Eu 5/2-
160Sm 62 98 159.93514(21)# 9.6(3) s β 160Eu 0+
161Sm 62 99 160.93883(32)# 4.8(8) s β 161Eu 7/2+#
162Sm 62 100 161.94122(54)# 2.4(5) s β 162Eu 0+
163Sm 62 101 162.94536(75)# 1# s β 163Eu 1/2-#
164Sm 62 102 163.94828(86)# 500# ms β 164Eu 0+
165Sm 62 103 164.95298(97)# 200# ms β 165Eu 5/2-#
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
  3. ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗體表示。
  4. ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
  5. ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
  6. ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 144Nd
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Primordial radioisotope
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Fission product
  9. ^ Used in Samarium-neodymium dating
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Neutron poison in reactors
  11. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 145Nd with a half-life over 2×1015 years
  12. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 146Nd
  13. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 148Nd
  14. ^ Believed to undergo ββ decay to 154Gd with a half-life over 2.3×1018 years
同位素列表
钷的同位素 釤的同位素 銪的同位素

参考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Chiera, Nadine M.; Sprung, Peter; Amelin, Yuri; Dressler, Rugard; Schumann, Dorothea; Talip, Zeynep. The 146Sm half-life re-measured: consolidating the chronometer for events in the early Solar System. Scientific Reports. 2024-08-01, 14 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6. 
  2. ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  3. ^ Samir Maji; et al. Separation of samarium and neodymium: a prerequisite for getting signals from nuclear synthesis. Analyst. 2006, 131 (12): 1332–1334. Bibcode:2006Ana...131.1332M. PMID 17124541. doi:10.1039/b608157f. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Nakanishi, T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. A Shorter 146Sm Half-Life Measured and Implications for 146Sm-142Nd Chronology in the Solar System. Science. 30 March 2012, 335 (6076): 1614–1617. Bibcode:2012Sci...335.1614K. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22461609. S2CID 206538240. arXiv:1109.4805可免费查阅. doi:10.1126/science.1215510 (英语). (已撤稿,见doi:10.1126/science.adh7739)
  5. ^ Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. Retraction. Science. 30 March 2023, 379 (6639): 1307. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1307K. PMID 36996231. S2CID 236990856. doi:10.1126/science.adh7739可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ He, M.; Shen, H.; Shi, G.; Yin, X.; Tian, W.; Jiang, S. Half-life of 151Sm remeasured. Physical Review C. 2009, 80 (6): 064305. Bibcode:2009PhRvC..80f4305H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.80.064305. 
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19). 

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