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阿魯群島

阿鲁群岛
Kepulauan Aru

Kabupaten
阿鲁群岛 Kepulauan Aru官方圖章
圖章
阿魯群島在印尼的位置
阿魯群島在印尼的位置
坐标:6°12′S 134°30′E / 6.2°S 134.5°E / -6.2; 134.5
國家 印度尼西亞
省份马鲁古省
行政中心多波
政府
 • 縣長(摄政)Johan Gonga
面积
 • 总计6,325 平方公里(2,442 平方英里)
人口(2010年)
 • 總計83,559人
 • 密度13.2人/平方公里(34.2人/平方英里)
时区印尼东部时区(UTC+09:00
電話區號0917

阿魯群島印尼语:Kepulauan Aru)是大洋洲的一組约95个低窪島嶼组成的群岛,位於印尼東部的馬魯古省,同时也是马鲁古省下的一个

行政区划

阿魯群島县在马鲁古省的位置

行政上,阿鲁群岛属于阿鲁群岛县印尼语:Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru)管辖,县治位于群岛西北瓦马尔岛(Warmar)上的多波

自1999年苏哈托下台以来,印尼中央对地方政府放权,印尼议会通过了2003年第40号法令成立阿鲁群岛县,从中马鲁古县分出.

阿鲁群岛县下设7个区(Kecamatan):

人口
2010普查[1]
南阿鲁
Aru Selatan
8,694
东南阿鲁
Aru Selatan Timur
4,714
中阿鲁
Aru Tengah
12,617
中东阿鲁
Aru Tengah Timur
4,315
中南阿鲁
Aru Tengah Selatan
5,086
阿鲁岛屿
Pulau-Pulau Aru
36,604
北阿鲁
Aru Utara
11,529

地理

马鲁古群岛的地形图

阿鲁群岛在马鲁古群岛的最东端,位于阿拉弗拉海西北,介于新几内亚岛澳大利亚之间。最大岛屿是特朗岸岛,主要城镇和港口多波在靠近沃坎岛的瓦马尔岛(Warmar)上,其他主要岛屿有科布罗尔岛马伊库尔岛。地质上,该群岛是澳大利亚洲的一部分,和新几内亚岛塔宁巴尔群岛塔斯马尼亚岛帝汶岛同在印度-澳洲板块。群岛由热带亚热带湿润阔叶林英语Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests热带草原红树林混合而成的植被覆盖。群岛在澳大利亚-新几内亚大陆架上,冰河时期海平面下降时,作为陆桥连接澳大利亚大陆新几内亚岛。阿魯群島的植物群和動物群是屬於澳大利亚生态区,尤與新畿內亞關係密切。

阿鲁群岛的居民为马来人巴布亚人的混合血统,土著居民使用14种语言,皆是核心马来-玻里尼西亚语群的语言。居民中大部分是基督徒,穆斯林很少,1993年的资料表示90%的居民信奉新教,6%信奉天主教伊斯兰教信徒只有4%[2]伊斯兰教被认为是15世纪末期传入群岛[3]荷兰人在17-18世纪带来了基督教,但是信教人口在20世纪才大量转变[3]

歷史

阿魯群島古屬哑鲁國,過往都有跟中國及鄰近島國有貿易往來。[來源請求]及至17世紀,開始被歐洲列強佔領。最初,荷蘭東印度公司與其他貿易團體開始活躍,並進而影響其內部事務。1623年,阿魯群島淪為荷蘭的殖民地。

1857年,阿弗雷德·羅素·華萊士到達阿魯群島。透過觀察當地生物的生態,華萊士得出了阿魯群島在過往冰河時期時,曾經是動物前往新畿內亞的陸橋。他的研究,劃定了今日生物學上的華萊士線

经济

珍珠养殖是群岛居民重要的收入来源,国家媒体指责阿鲁群岛的珍珠业维持着剥削性的债务结构,潜水采珠从业者与雇佣商存在不平等关系[4]

其他的出口产品包括西米椰子烟草珍珠母、海鲜(如干海参)、玳瑁极乐鸟羽毛等。

2011年11月,印度尼西亚政府在阿鲁群岛以西200 km处同BP石油公司签订了两项油气生产合同,两个相邻的油气田(West Aru I和West Aru II)覆盖16,400平方千米的海域,水深在200-2,500米之间[5][6]

资料来源

  1. ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  2. ^ Dolcemascolo, Glenn. Foreign Encounters In an Aruese Landscape. Cakalele (The Center for Southeast Asian Studies). 1996, 7: 79–92 [2017-04-11]. ISSN 1053-2285. (原始内容存档于2020-02-02). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 O’Connor (2007), p. 5
  4. ^ Spyer, Patricia (1997). The eroticism of debt: pearl divers, traders, and sea wives in the Aru Islands, Eastern Indonesia. American Ethnologist 24(3):515-538.
  5. ^ Indonesia: Government Awards Two Offshore PSCs to BP. Offshore Energy Today. 21 November 2011 [2017-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-23). 
  6. ^ BP clinches key Indonesian deals. The Scotsman. 22 November 2011 [2017-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-13). 

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