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L3/33小戰車

卡羅·維洛斯 L3/33
Carro Armato L3/33
藏於博文頓坦克博物館的義大利L3/33（CV-33）小戰車火焰噴射器衍生型
类型小戰車
原产地 義大利王國
服役记录
服役期间1933—
使用方參見用戶一欄
参与战争／衝突奥地利內戰、第二次中日戰爭、第二次意大利埃塞俄比亞戰爭、西班牙內戰，斯匈戰爭（英语：Slovak–Hungarian War）、義大利入侵阿爾巴尼亞、英國伊拉克戰爭 以及第二次世界大戰
生产历史
单位成本89,890義大利里拉（1933年）
生产日期1933–1935
制造数量大約2,000–2,500
衍生型L3/35、L3 cc、L3 Lf
基本规格
重量2.7公噸
长度3.03米
宽度1.4米
高度1.2米
操作人数2（車長、駕駛員）
装甲6-12毫米
主武器1挺6.5毫米布雷達5C中型機槍（英语：Breda Mod. 5C）
发动机FIAT-SPA CV3水冷發動機
43匹
悬挂bogie
作战范围110千米
速度42千米/時

卡羅·維洛斯 CV-33（Carro Veloce），后名L3/33，是義大利在二戰前及二戰中使用的小戰車。

历史

1929年意大利从英国引进4辆卡登·勞埃德MK IV坦克（英语：Carden Loyd tankette）及生产线。在对该车进行少许改良以后，以CV29（Carro Veloce）名称由菲亚特公司于1929～1930年期间制造了21辆。经过试验发现装甲不足，发动机功率也不够。全面改进后，于1933年定型为CV33。

1935年，爲了滿足CV-35的标准，許多CV-33接受了改造。

1938年，義大利將CV-33更名爲「L3/33」，將CV-35更名爲「L3/35」。


型号

原型车和初期生产型

兩名乘員操控，帶有12毫米的焊接裝甲，战斗室左侧装备的是6.5毫米M14水冷机枪；

量产第一批次

水冷M14换成空冷M14机枪，发动机室上方有3角机枪支架

量产第二批次

1934年开始生产。改为两联装8毫米菲亚特M35机枪或者贝雷塔M38机枪，同时撤销3角机枪支架，而以前生产的第一批次，后来也按照此标准改装。

1935年开始的第二次意大利埃塞俄比亞戰爭中，CV33被大量投入使用，面对反裝甲能力貧弱的埃塞军，取得了一定战果。

CV35

1935年开始，因为意大利焊接水平太差，为了提高产量，上部外壳由焊接改为螺栓固定方式，定型为CV35。

L3 Lf

L3 Lf（Lf係Lancia fiamme的縮寫，意爲「火焰噴射器」）爲L3小戰車的衍生型。該型號的研發始於1935年。火焰噴射器的噴嘴代替了一挺機槍，燃料罐則裝在一輛由L3 Lf牽引的有裝甲防護的拖車上[1]。後期型的L3 Lf的燃料罐則被縮小成了一個裝在發動機艙上方的盒形罐。L3 Lf重3.2公噸，拖車能攜帶500公升的燃料[2]。其射程達40碼（約合36.6米），不過也有來源認爲其射程爲100米[2]。

L3 Lf在西班牙、法國、俄羅斯、巴爾幹、義屬北非、義屬東非等地都有作戰記錄。

L3/33在希臘

CV38

1938年开始，武器更换为一挺13.2mm贝雷塔M31重机枪，同时履带和悬挂也进行改进，定型为CV38。

1938年为表示3吨坦克的3,这样CV33变成CV3/33、CV35变成CV3/35、CV38变成CV3/38；

1939年因为全面整理装甲车辆编号，CV33系列从快速坦克归类为轻型坦克，故用新的L3（L为Leggero=轻型）制式番号，各型式改为L3/33、L3/35、L3/38。

L3/CC

裝備20毫米反坦克步槍的反坦克版本

現況

一輛L3/33目前藏於位於澳大利亞堪培拉的澳大利亞戰爭紀念館。據信這輛L3/33是由英聯邦軍在1940年到1941年之間於北非繳獲的 中国人民革命军事博物馆中有一辆缴获自国军的cv33[3]。

用戶

參考

  1. ^ "Flame-Throwing Tank Practices For War" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Popular Mechanics, August 1937
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Forty 2006, p 73
  3. ^ Italian tankette arrives in Canberra （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ABC News. Retrieved 2015-08-25

參考書目

  • Forty, George, The complete guide to tanks and armoured fighting vehicles, Hermes House, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84681-110-4 

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：L3/33小戰車

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