众议院非美活动调查委员会

众议院非美活动调查委员会（英語：The House Un-American Activities Committee）（简称：HUAC）是美国众议院的调查委员会，于1975年1月14日终止。

歷史

在1938年创立时也称作戴斯特别委员会，以监察美国纳粹地下活动。1945年3月，美国众议院以207票赞成、186票反对，将其改为常设委员会。該委員會負責调查与共产主义活动有关的嫌疑个人、公共雇员和组织，调查不忠与颠覆行为。

1947年12月17日，开始对联邦政府、武装部队和国防订货承包商实行“忠诚调查”。其调查对象的范围甚至扩大到总共有2,000多万美国人受到了不同程度的审查。

1953年4月，开始对美国的大使馆藏书目录进行清查，美國共產黨的威廉·福斯特、记者白劳德、史沫特莱等75位的书籍被列为禁书，甚至连著名历史学家小亞瑟·史列辛格和幽默作家马克·吐温的作品也被列入“危险书籍”之列。在此影响下，美国国内城市和学校的图书馆也纷纷查禁甚至焚毁“任何可疑的书籍和杂志”，据估计约200万册。

1969年，众议院将委员会更名为“众议院内部安全委员会”。当众议院在1975年废除该委员会时^[1]，委员会的职能由众议院司法委员会接任。委员会反共调查常常与美国参议员约瑟夫·麦卡锡有关^[2]。麦卡锡是参议员，并没有直接参与众议院委员会活动^[3]。麦卡锡是政府行动委员会主席，也是其参议院调查常委主席，不是众议院的成員。

美国前总统尼克松也曾是该委员会成员，并担任领导。^[4]

历任美国众议院非美活动调查委员会主席

參考資料

^ Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 265. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
^ For example, see Brown, Sarah. Pleading the Fifth. BBC News. 2002-02-05 [2015-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）. McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee
^ Patrick Doherty, Thomas. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. 2003, page 15-6.
^ 尼克松生平概览. Richard Nixon Foundation. [2024-05-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-17）（美国英语）.

更多阅读

WorldCat 聯合目錄中众议院非美活动调查委员会的著作或與之相關的著作

文档

Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives (1938-1944), Volumes 1-17 with Appendices. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） University of Pennsylvania online gateway to Internet Archive and Hathi Trust.

Schamel, Gharles E. Inventory of records of the Special Committee on Un-American activities, 1938-1944 (the Dies committee). Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.

Schamel, Gharles E. Records of the House Un-American Activities committee, 1945-1969, renamed the House Internal Security committee, 1969-1976. Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.

Ship, Reuben. From the Archives: The Investigator (1954): A Radio Play by Reuben Ship. The Journal for MultiMedia History. 2000, 3 [2015-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-17）.

图书

Bentley, Eric (编). Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968. Nation Books. 2002 [1971, Viking Press]. ISBN 1-56025-368-1.

Buckley, William F. The Committee and Its Critics; a Calm Review of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Putnam Books. 1962.

Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. Random House. 1952. ISBN 0-89526-571-0.

Donner, Frank J. The Un-Americans. Ballantine Books. 1967.

Gladchuk, John Joseph. Hollywood and Anticommunism: HUAC and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950. Routledge. 2006. ISBN 0-415-95568-8.

Goodman, Walter. The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Farrar Straus & Giroux. 1968. ISBN 0-374-12688-7.

Newton, Michael. The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: a history. McFarland. 2010 [2015-03-14]. ISBN 978-0-7864-4653-7. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）.

O'Reilly, Kenneth. Hoover and the Unamericans: The FBI, HUAC, and the Red Menace. Temple University Press. 1983. ISBN 0-87722-301-7.

Schmidt, Regin. Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919–1943. Museum Tusculanum Press. 2000. ISBN 9788772895819.

U.S. 86th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume I, The Communist Ideology, 75 Stat. 965, House Document No. 336 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1959: 166 [6 October 2013], OCLC 630998985

U.S. 87th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume II, The Soviet Union, from Lenin to Khrushchev, 75 Stat. 961, House Document No. 139 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1960: 408 [6 October 2013], OCLC 80262328

档案

Bogart, Humphrey. I am no communist. Photoplay. March 1948 [28 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-24）.
"Operation Abolition", Time Magazine, March 17, 1961 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

Seidel, Robert W. The National Laboratories and the Atomic Energy Commission in the Early Cold War. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 2001, 32 (1): 145–162. doi:10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.145.

外部链接

History.House.gov HUAC - permanent standing House Committee on Un-American Activities
History.House.gov HUAC - 1948 Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearing before HUAC
Un-American Activities Committee The Spartacus Educational website, UK
House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) Collection: Pamphlets collected by HUAC, many of which the committee deemed "un-American." (4,000 pamphlets). From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）