此事在海軍內部激起軒然大波。海軍當時不乏支持發展航空聲音,包括高級將官威廉·索登·西姆斯(William S. Sims)、中層軍官威廉·阿傑·莫菲特(William A. Moffett)、約瑟·李維以至飛行員領袖約翰·亨利·托爾斯(英语:John Henry Towers)(John H. Towers)、亨利·馬斯廷(Henry C. Mustin)及馬克·密茲契等等,均有意引證航空母艦將在未來海戰發揮關鍵作用;部分人觀點更與米切爾相近,認同航母將會取代水面軍艦──尤其是戰艦的主導角色。這些軍官在當時海軍均為異數,無法成為主流;但米切爾的獨立空軍若然成事,將直接損害海軍軍種利益,使海軍內部團結一致抵抗。在美國海軍軍令部長及將官會議的背書下,莫菲爾德在1922年成功說服國會否決獨立空軍,同意水面軍艦仍能抵抗空中轟炸,並准許海軍成立海軍航空署(英语:Bureau of Aeronautics)(Bureau of Aeronautics),以保障海航發展。[2]
由於陸航與海軍均欲進行核試,金恩在10月16日同意陸航要求,並建議舉辦一次陸海軍聯合核試,由參謀長聯席會議統籌。[3]27日金恩向傳媒公佈核試初步構思,預備投入80至100艘多餘軍艦,當中大多數為美國軍艦;[6]但要到12月10日,海軍才正式宣佈即將與陸軍作聯合核試。[3]在一番爭奪下,1946年1月11日威廉·白蘭地(William H. P. Blandy)海軍中將獲任命為第一陸海軍聯合特遣艦隊(Joint Task Force 1, JTF-1)之首,負責設計及監控「十字路口行動」核試;而參與曼哈頓計劃的陸軍萊斯利·格羅夫斯上校(Leslie Groves)則告落選。[7]然而,施特勞斯起初建議海軍將軍艦分佈在廣闊海域,但白蘭地在陸軍壓力下,被迫同意將軍艦集結,並注滿燃料及彈藥,使軍艦更易起火沉沒。[8]海軍起初亦希望評核委員會全由海軍將官出任,但在麥克馬洪的壓力下,杜魯門下令設立民間獨立委員會,以確保評核能客觀中立呈現予美國公眾。[9]十字路口行動至此正式升級為海軍與陸航的輿論戰場。按照當時助理海軍部長侯活·彼得森(Howard C. Peterson)所說,核試「即將決定海軍命運……倘若海軍在核試中表現較公眾想像出眾,則海軍必可取得輿論勝利。」[10]
在核彈選用方面,核試兩顆核彈均使用胖子原子彈的鈈元素。Able使用的核彈代號為「吉爾達」(Gilda)。而Baker核彈則為「比堅尼的海倫」(Helen of Bikini)。吉爾達核彈的鈈內核在洛斯阿拉莫斯曾兩次意外超越臨界點,造成哈里·K·達格利恩及路易斯·斯洛廷兩名科學家死亡,使之被戲稱為「恶魔核心」。[19]
十字路口行動在8月10日結束後,殘存的靶艦由拖船拖往瓜加林環礁,並在當地卸載彈藥及燃料。10艘靶艦經拖船帶回美國作輻射研究,12艘靶艦因輻射較輕微,由原駐艦船員駛回美國,而其他軍艦則多在瓜加林或加州外海被擊沉,將輻射帶到其他地方。95艘靶艦最終只有九艘返回美國出售拆解。至於遭輻射污染的支援艦,則在返國後進入船塢作深入清洗,並替換所有受污染系統。而核試官方報告則在1947年公佈。[70]核試經驗促使海軍研發反輻射污染清洗系統(Countermeasure Wash Down Systems,CMWDS),以改善艦艇清理輻射能力。
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