Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

吕彦直

呂彥直
出生(1894-07-28)1894年7月28日
 清朝天津府
逝世1929年3月18日(1929歲—03—18)(34歲)
 中國上海市
国籍 中華民國
母校清华大学
康乃爾大學
职业建筑师
建筑中山陵
廣州中山紀念堂
中山紀念碑

呂彥直(1894年7月28日—1929年3月18日),字仲宜,別号古愚安徽滁县(今滁州)人,生於天津,祖籍山东东平县彭集镇吕家庙村[1][2]。中國建築師,曾设计南京中山陵广州中山纪念堂中山纪念碑等建筑。与刘敦桢童寯梁思成杨廷宝合称“建筑五宗师”。[3]

生平

吕彦直的中山陵设计方案
廣州市工務局修築中山紀念堂的合約文件。出自彥記建築事務所。

1901年5月,父吕增祥去世,翌年隨日本出生的二姐吕静宜、姐夫严伯玉法国巴黎读书,1908年随二姐、姐夫回到了天津。1911年,吕彦直考上清华学堂留美预备部。1913年清华学堂毕业后考取公费留学美国,就读於美国康奈尔大学。1918年获康奈尔大学建筑学学士学位。后进入纽约亨利·墨菲(Henry Murphy)建筑师事务所工作。1921年夏,吕彦直返回中国,进入墨菲事务所上海分所工作[4]

1921年初,吕彦直与黃檀甫巴黎卢浮宫邂逅并结下深厚友谊。翌年3月二人共同创办了“真裕公司”,吕彦直主内做设计,黄檀甫跑外承接业务。

1925年9月20日吕彦直设计的中山陵获得首奖,受聘为中山陵的建筑师,从此名声大振。两日後他对外宣布设立“彦记建筑事务所”,实际身份是真裕公司。

1926年所设计的中山纪念堂纪念碑,再次获得一等奖,11月3日与“孙中山先生广州纪念堂筹备委员会”签订建筑师合同。

黄檀甫从1926年3月12日代表吕彦直出席南京中山陵奠基典礼、并在典礼上代表吕彦直发表讲话这一事件开始,代表吕彦直在公众场合与媒体和政府打交道。吕彦直性格沉静缄默,黄檀甫则活泼外向,善与人交往、演讲,每次代表吕彦直与南京政府的官员交涉、与葬事筹备处协商,都令吕彦直满意。1927年9月初,吕彦直再次病倒,病情比1926年春的那次要严重得多。同月,孙中山先生广州纪念堂筹备委员会向吕彦直发出邀请函,但吕因病已无法应邀南下。吕彦直在病榻上不知道自己能否活下來,履行完成广州中山纪念堂、纪念碑的建筑任务,遂决定委托黄檀甫为自己的全权代表。黄檀甫在今后的日子里做了两件事,替吕彦直料理后事、整理遗物并分批归还吕氏家人;二是跟踪拍摄中山陵和纪念堂的建筑过程。後来为长期收藏和保管中山陵和中山纪念堂、纪念碑的图纸、照片,以及吕彦直的大量图书资料还耗费了大量精力、财力。因黄檀甫被以“隐匿敌产”的莫须有罪名,关进了上海市提篮桥监狱。真裕公司最终在中华人民共和国成立後在1951年2月倒闭。中山纪念堂的图纸也差点遗失。[5][6]

1928年初,吕彦直被确诊患有肝癌。翌年3月18日凌晨不治过世,年34岁。

家庭

吕增祥题字的《天演論

吕彦直父亲吕增祥,生于安徽滁县,科举出身,在北京清政府行走,官至五品,並協助自強運動。1885年左右奉派出使日本,约在1890年左右奉调回国,在李鸿章麾下,任天津知州。在天津建有一西洋式的大宅。在1890年至1900年吕增祥任天津知州期间,由于其有出使东洋的经历和见识,思想比较开放,又热情好客,于是身边便聚集了一批新派知识分子。每当周末,这批知识分子总喜欢到吕知州的西洋大宅里聚会。其中的北洋水师学堂总办、大翻译家嚴復、清直隶道员,后来的国务总理、外交家孙寶琦等更成为吕凤祥的密友。

吕、严两家是多重的亲家,先是吕增祥二女儿吕静宜嫁给了严复长子严伯玉,接着吕长子吕彦深娶了严复侄女严琦,再是吕彦直与严复的二女儿相好,并订为未婚妻。1929年3月下旬,正在北京读书的严二小姐从报纸上知道吕彦直病逝後痛不欲生,決意遁入空門成為比丘尼,在北京西郊剃髮出家,法名“秋妙”。秋妙在1950至1951年间经香港去了台湾,并死于台湾。

吕彦直二姐夫因贫病而死。三弟师从历史学家顾颉刚,是历次运动的箭靶,贫病死于文化大革命前夕。四弟是上海中共地下党员,开有“金马书堂”印刷厂掩护革命工作,死于1932年。另据说,二姐1959年病逝于台湾。[7]

建筑作品

參考文獻

  1. ^ wemedia.ifeng.com/9346089/wemedia.shtml, paper.people.com.cn/hqrw/html/2008-08/16/content_104739.htm
  2. ^ 吕彦直的家从曾祖父起已迁居滁州经商,爷爷吕凤翔已在滁州做绸缎生意,父亲吕增祥于光绪五年在滁州中举。详情见徐茵著《吕彦直籍贯新证》
  3. ^ 杨永生 《建筑五宗师》 2005 百花文艺出版社 ISBN 7530642294
  4. ^ 中国近代杰出建筑师 吕彦直生平揭秘. [2009-03-28]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-23). 
  5. ^ 黄檀甫与中山纪念建筑. 南京日报. 腾讯. 2008-08-07 [2012-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-11). 
  6. ^ 卢洁峰 《吕彦直与黄檀甫:广州中山纪念堂秘闻》2007 花城出版社 ISBN 7536051530
  7. ^ 吕彦直与秋妙. 羊城晚报. 2007-06-10 [2012-08-04]. [永久失效連結]

Read other articles:

Untuk memoar oleh Jeannette Walls, lihat The Glass Castle. Glass CastlePoster promosi untuk Glass CastleGenreRomansa Drama keluargaDitulis olehChoi Hyun-kyungSutradaraJo Nam-kookPemeranYoon So-yiLee Jin-wookKim Seung-sooNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. episode51ProduksiProduserKim Yong-seobDurasiSabtu dan Minggu pukul 20:50RilisJaringan asliSeoul Broadcasting SystemRilis asli06 September 2008 (2008-09-06) –01 Maret 2009 (2009-03-01)Pranala luarSitus web Glass Castle…

Tugu Jam Tamansari. Tugu Jam Tamansari atau Bundaran Tamansari adalah bangunan yang dijadikan sebagai titik sentral Kota Salatiga sejak pemerintahan gemeente. Sampai saat ini, tugu tersebut menjadi pusat keramaian Kota Salatiga.[1][2][3][4][5] Lihat pula Gedung Pakuwon Gereja Kristen Jawa Salib Putih GPIB Tamansari Salatiga Rumah Dinas Wali Kota Salatiga Wisma BCA Salatiga Rujukan ^ Tugu Jam Bundaran Salatiga. Geografi Pendidikan Indonesia. Diarsipkan dari…

Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: pandu…

Раздел Вооружённых сил СССР — исторический процесс разделения бывших Вооружённых сил СССР (ВС СССР) между союзными республиками, начавшийся в середине 1991 года и продолжившийся после распада СССР между участниками Содружества Независимых Государств. Основной раздел п…

Bagian dari seri tentang Pandangan Kristen Kristus Kristologi Nama dan Gelar Riwayat Hidup Injil Keselarasan Injil Petilasan Beribunda Perawan Kelahiran Pembaptisan Karya Pelayanan Khotbah di Bukit Mukjizat Perumpamaan Penistaan Penyaliban Penguburan Kebangkitan Kenaikan Ketaatan Bersemayam di Surga Perantaraan Kedatangan Ke-2 Relikui Isa (Pandangan Islam) Almasih Injil Maryam Hawariyun Wafat Almahdi Hari Kiamat Pusara Latar Belakang Latar Belakang Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Tutur Yesus Ras Yesus Si…

2008 film by Kompin Kemgumnird JumboTheatrical release posterDirected byKompin Kemgumnird Mayur Puri (Creative Direction)Written byEvan SpiliotopoulosAummaraporn Phandintong Amit Babber (Hindi Dialogue)Based onKhan Kluay (2006 film)Produced byPercept Picture CompanyStarringAkshay KumarRajpal YadavLara DuttaAsraniGulshan GroverNarrated byAkshay KumarMusic byRam SampathProductioncompanyPercept Picture CompanyDistributed byShemaroo EntertainmentRelease date 25 December 2008 (2008-12-…

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un château et la Toscane. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Château de Sammezzano Château de Sammezzano Période ou style Style mauresque Début construction 1605 Fin construction Remanié au XIXe siècle Propriétaire initial Ximenes d'Aragon Coordonnées 43° 42′ 10,83″ nord, 11° 28′ 18,13″ est Pays Italie Région …

Stasiun Kobayashi西小林駅Stasiun Nishi Kobayashi pada 2003LokasiKobayashi, MiyazakiJepangKoordinat32°00′35″N 130°55′18″E / 32.00972°N 130.92167°E / 32.00972; 130.92167Koordinat: 32°00′35″N 130°55′18″E / 32.00972°N 130.92167°E / 32.00972; 130.92167Pengelola JR KyushuJalur■ Jalur KittoLetak dari pangkal41.0 km dari MiyakonojōJumlah peron1 peron sampingJumlah jalur1KonstruksiJenis strukturAtas tanahParkirTersediaInformas…

Class III shortline railroad in Arkansas Arkansas and Missouri RailroadAlco C420 No. 68 pulls in at Van Buren, ArkansasOverviewHeadquartersSpringdale, ArkansasReporting markAMLocaleArkansas, MissouriDates of operation1986–TechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)Length134 mi (216 km) The Arkansas and Missouri Railroad (reporting mark AM) is a Class III short-line railroad headquartered in Springdale, Arkansas. The A&M, as it is known, operates 139…

Public university in Changsha, Hunan, China Hunan Women's University湖南女子学院The gateFormer namesHunan Women's Vocational CollegeMotto懿德睿智,笃行臻美TypePublic universityEstablished1985; 38 years ago (1985)PresidentYang Lanying (杨兰英)Academic staff651 (October 2018)[1]Students9,040 (October 2018)[1]LocationChangsha, Hunan, ChinaCampus577 muWebsiteenglish.hnwu.edu.cn Duxing Building. Hunan Women's University (simplified Chinese: 湖…

Lake freighter The William P. Snyder, between 1907 and 1910 History United States NameSt. Marys Challenger OperatorPort City Marine Services, Muskegon, MI (Sand Products Corp.) Ordered1905 BuilderGreat Lakes Engineering Works Yard number00017 Laid downOctober 16, 1905 LaunchedFebruary 17, 1906 In serviceApril 26, 1906 Identification IMO number: 5009984 MMSI number: 366970340 Callsign: WDB9135 FateCut down to barge StatusIn operation, same capacity, as Articulated Barge (ATB). General charac…

Generalized geologic map of the Yosemite area. (Based on a USGS image) The exposed geology of the Yosemite area includes primarily granitic rocks with some older metamorphic rock. The first rocks were laid down in Precambrian times, when the area around Yosemite National Park was on the edge of a very young North American continent. The sediment that formed the area first settled in the waters of a shallow sea, and compressive forces from a subduction zone in the mid-Paleozoic fused the seabed r…

Manufacturer in the Philippines This article is about the mobile phone company. It is not to be confused with the My Phone service for Windows Mobile. my|phoneProduct typeMobile phoneOwnerSolid Digital GroupCountryPhilippinesIntroduced2007; 16 years ago (2007)MarketsPhilippines, Hong KongRegistered as a trademark inPhilippines (January 2007)Taglinebe inspiredTatak Pinoy, Tatak Matibay(lit. 'Mark of a Pinoy, Mark of Toughness)'Wala Ka Sa Phone Ko(lit. 'You have n…

Grande Prêmio da Chinade Fórmula 1 de 2008 5º GP da China em Xangai Detalhes da corrida Categoria Fórmula 1 Data 19 de outubro de 2008 Nome oficial V Sinopec Chinese Grand Prix[1] Local Circuito Internacional de Xangai, Xangai, China Percurso 5.451 km Total 56 voltas / 305.256 km Condições do tempo Seco Pole Piloto Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Tempo 1:36.303 Volta mais rápida Piloto Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Tempo 13 (na volta 1:36.325) Pódio Primeiro Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Merc…

American Greco-Roman wrestler This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: D…

Radio stationSports Radio DetroitBroadcast areaWorldwideBrandingSRD/Sports Radio DetroitProgrammingFormatSports TalkOwnershipOwnerFormerly SRD Productions, LLCHistoryFirst air dateSeptember 25, 2012Former call signsLetsGoWingsMedia.com (2011)LetsGoWingsRadio.com (2012)LinksWebcastListen LiveWebsiteSportsRadioDetroit.com Sports Radio Detroit (SRD) was a Detroit-based internet sports broadcasting and news network covering Detroit's professional sports teams Detroit Lions, Detroit Tigers, Detroit P…

Biotic homogenization is the process by which two or more spatially distributed ecological communities become increasingly similar over time. This process may be genetic, taxonomic, or functional, and it leads to a loss of beta (β) diversity.[1] While the term is sometimes used interchangeably with taxonomic homogenization, functional homogenization, and genetic homogenization, biotic homogenization is actually an overarching concept that encompasses the other three.[2] This phe…

Somerset Trained BandsActive1558–1662Country EnglandBranch Trained BandsRoleInfantry and CavalrySize5–6 Regiments of Foot, 1 Regiment of HorseEngagementsRising of the NorthBattle of NewburnBattle of Marshall's ElmSiege of Sherborne CastleBattle of Braddock DownSecond Battle of ModburySiege of Lyme RegisBattle of LostwithielSieges of TauntonBattle of LangportSiege of Bristol (1645)CommandersNotablecommandersLt-Col Thomas LunsfordSir Edward RodneySir John StawellCol William StrodeMilitary…

Indian politician Gurmeet Singh Khuddianਗੁਰਮੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਖੁੱਡੀਆਂCabinet Minister, Government of PunjabGovernorBanwarilal PurohitCabinetMann ministryChief MinisterBhagwant MannMinistry and Departments Agriculture Preceded byKuldeep Singh DhaliwalPresident of District Congress Committee MuktsarIn office2014-2019 Personal detailsBorn (1962-09-30) September 30, 1962 (age 61)Political partyAam Aadmi PartyOther politicalaffiliationsIndian National Congress (till 2021)…

Sinotruk (Hong Kong) LimitedTypePublicTraded asSEHK: 3808ISINHK3808041546IndustrymanufacturingFounded31 January 2007; 16 years ago (2007-01-31)FounderSinotruk GroupHeadquarters Hong Kong, China (registered office) Jinan, China (de facto) Area servedWorldwideKey peopleCai Dong (Chairman and President)ProductsTrucksOwner Sinotruk Group (51%) Traton (25%) Parent Sinotruk (BVI) Limited (direct) Sinotruk Group (intermediate) Chinese Central Government (ultimate) SubsidiariesSin…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya