靶向给药(英文:Targeted drug delivery),或称靶向药物递送或智能药物递送,[1]是一种以增加身体某部位药物浓度的方式向患者进行药物递送的方法。当代靶向给药的递送方式主要建立在以纳米医学的基础之上,采用纳米粒子介导的药物递送系统,以克服传统药物递送方式的诸多不足。纳米颗粒凭借自身的靶向能力,将载有药物的制剂传送至患者体内的特定病灶,以避免药物与健康组织起作用从而减少不良反应。靶向给药系统的目标是:延长药物作用时间、将药物控制在局部范围、将药物靶向递送至病灶,并维持药物与病灶组织的相互作用。传统的药物递送系统是指:药物通过生物膜的吸收,而“靶向释放系统”(Targeted release system )是以特殊剂型释放药物。靶向释放系统优势在于:减少患者服药频率、更具一致性的药物作用、减轻药物副作用和降低体循环中药物浓度波动。现阶段该系统的劣势在于:成本较高、生产难度较大、剂量调整能力降低。
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