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Pembukaan Benko

Pembukaan Benko
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
b8 black knight
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
e7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
g3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
e2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
f1 white bishop
g1 white knight
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Langkah1.g3
ECOA00
TermasukPembukaan sayap
SinonimPembukaan Fianchetto Raja
Pembukaan Hungaria
Pembukaan Barcza
Pembukaan Bilek

Pembukaan Benko atau Pembukaan Fianchetto Raja (dikenal juga sebagai Pembukaan Hungaria, Pembukaan Barcza, atau Pembukaan Bilek) adalah pembukaan catur yang ditandai dengan langkah:

1. g3

1.g3 adalah langkah Putih paling populer kelima, meski sangat kalah populer dari 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4 dan 1.Nf3. Biasanya diikuti dengan 2.Bg2 fianchetto Gajah. Nick de Firmian menulis bahwa 1.g3 "dapat dan biasanya bertransposisi ke hampir semua pembukaan di mana Putih mem-fianchetto Gajah Rajanya."[1] Termasuk di antaranya adalah Pembukaan Catalunya, Serangan India Raja, dan beberapa variasi Pembukaan Inggris. Karena alasan ini, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings tidak memiliki kode khusus untuk 1.g3. Langkah ini sendiri diklasifikasikan di bawah A00,[2] tetapi berbagai kemungkinan transposisi dapat menuju ke berbagai kode ECO.

Sementara pembukaan ini tidak pernah biasa, pecatur Madras, Ghulam Kassim, dalam anotasinya di pertandingan korespondensi tahun 1828 antara Madras dan Hyderabad, mencatat bahwa "banyak pemain India yang memulai permainan mereka dengan cara ini."[3] Pemain hipermodern, Richard Réti memainkan 1.g3 beberapa kali di Baden-Baden pada 1925, dengan hasil beragam. 1.g3 mendapat perhatian baru setelah Pal Benko menggunakannya untuk mengalahkan Bobby Fischer dan Mikhail Tal di Turnamen Kandidat 1962 di Curaçao, bagian dari siklus Kejuaraan Dunia 1963.[4] Benko menggunakan pembukaan ini di sebelas permainan pertama ketika dia memainkan Putih di turnamen tersebut.[5]

Artikel ini menggunakan notasi aljabar untuk menjelaskan langkah catur.

Contoh urutan langkah

Urutan di bawah ini adalah contoh dari macam-macam posisi yang dapat dikembangkan dari Pembukaan Benko. Urutan langkah fleksibel dalam tiap kasus.

Serangan India Raja

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
d7 black knight
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black pawn
f6 black knight
d5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
g4 black bishop
d3 white pawn
f3 white knight
g3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white knight
f2 white pawn
g2 white bishop
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Serangan India Raja

1.g3 d5 2.Bg2 Nf6 3.Nf3 c6 4.0-0 Bg4 5.d3 Nbd7 6.Nbd2 e5 7.e4 – Pembukaan Réti, Serangan India Raja, Variasi Yugoslav (ECO A07)

Pembukaan Inggris

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
f8 black rook
g8 black king
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
g7 black bishop
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
g6 black pawn
d5 white knight
e5 black pawn
f5 black pawn
c4 white pawn
e4 white pawn
d3 white pawn
g3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
e2 white knight
f2 white pawn
g2 white bishop
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Pembukaan Inggris, Sistem Botvinnik

1.g3 g6 2.Bg2 Bg7 3.c4 e5 4.Nc3 d6 5.d3 f5 6.e4 Nf6 7.Nge2 Nc6 8.0-0 0-0 9.Nd5 – Pembukaan Inggris, Sistem Botvinnik (ECO A26)

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ Batsford's Modern Chess Openings, 15th Edition (2008), Nick De Firmian
  2. ^ Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, Volume A, Fourth Edition. Chess Informant. 
  3. ^ Gulam Kassim, Analysis of the Muzio Gambit and Match of Two Games at Chess between Madras and Hyderabad, Madras, 1829
  4. ^ Mednis, Edmar (1994). How Karpov Wins. Courier Dover Publications. 
  5. ^ Timman, Jan (2005). Curaçao 1962: The Battle of Minds that Shook the Chess World. New in Chess. ISBN 978-90-5691-139-3. 

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