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Penelope. Gambar berdasarkan figur tembikar Attika.

Penelope (/pəˈnɛləpi/^[1] pə-NEL-ə-pee; Yunani Kuno: Πηνελόπηcode: grc is deprecated )^[2] adalah istri Odysseus dan ratu Ithaki dalam Odyssey karya Homer. Ia adalah putri raja Sparta Ikarios,^[3] serta ibu dari Telemakhos. Sumber-sumber berbeda menyebutkan Penelope sebagai ibu dari tokoh-tokoh seperti Poliporthes, Arkesilaos, Italos, Mamilia, dan dewa Pan.

Dalam mitologi, Penelope dikenal karena kesetiaannya kepada Odysseus, meskipun mendapat perhatian dari lebih dari seratus pelamar selama kepergian suaminya, sekaligus kecerdasannya dalam merancang berbagai siasat untuk menolak mereka. Dalam salah satu sumber, nama asli Penelope adalah Ameirake, Arnakia^[4] atau Arnaia.^[5] Ia dianggap menonjol baik dalam kecantikan maupun kecerdasan dibandingkan orang-orang sezamannya, dan begitu berbudi sehingga dikatakan ia melampaui sepupunya Helena dalam keindahan kebajikannya.^[6]

Catatan

Referensi

^ Wells, John C. (2000). "Penelope". Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (Edisi 2). Longman. ISBN 0-582-36467-1.
^ "A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Penelope". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Diakses tanggal 2024-06-04.
^ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus). hlm. 3.10.6.
^ "Eustathius of Thessalonica, Commentary on the Odyssey, Commentary". Eustathius of Thessalonica, Commentary on the Odyssey. Diakses tanggal 2026-07-11.
^ Tzetzes tentang Lycophron, Alexandra 792
^ D Scholia to the Odyssey (dalam bahasa Greek). Diterjemahkan oleh C. Roy, R. S. Smith. 2026.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Homer, Odyssey Translated by A. S. Kline. Online version at Poetry in Translation.
Lactantius Placidus, Commentarii in Statii Thebaida
Ovid, Heroides Translated by A.S. Kline. Online version at Poetry in Translation.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Original Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Strabo, Geography with an English Translation, Books 1-5 translated by Hamilton and Falconer, text taken from the Bell Edition of 1903, now in the public domain, and Books 6-14 translated by Horace Leonard Jones, The Geography of Strabo (Harvard/Heinemann 1924). Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Original Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Amory, Anne (1963), ‘The reunion of Odysseus and Penelope’, in Charles H. Taylor (ed.) Essays on the Odyssey: Selected Modern Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 100–36.
Clayton, Barbara (2004), A Penelopean Poetics: Reweaving the Feminine in Homer's Odyssey. Lanham, Maryland and Oxford: Lexington Books.
Cohen, Beth (1995, ed.), The Distaff Side: Representing the Female in Homer's Odyssey. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Doherty, Lillian E. (1995), Siren Songs: Gender, Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Felson, Nancy (1994). Regarding Penelope: From Character to Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Finley, M.I. The World of Odysseus, London. Pelican Books (1962).
Hall, Edith (2008), The Return of Ulysses: A Cultural History of Homer's Odyssey. London and New York: I. B. Tauris.
Heilbrun, Carolyn G. (1991), ‘What was Penelope unweaving?’, in Heilbrun, Hamlet's Mother and Other Women: Feminist Essays on Literature. London: The Women's Press, pp. 103–11.
Heitman, Richard (2005), Taking her Seriously: Penelope and the Plot of Homer's Odyssey. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press. ISBN 0-472-11489-1.
Katz, Marylin Arthur (1991), Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Marquardt, Patricia A. (1985), ‘Penelope “ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ”’, American Journal of Philology 106, 32-48.
Nelson, Thomas J. (2021), ‘Intertextual Agōnes in Archaic Greek Epic: Penelope vs. the Catalogue of Women’, Yearbook of Ancient Greek Epic 5, 25–57.
Reece, Steve, "Penelope's ‘Early Recognition’ of Odysseus from a Neoanalytic and Oral Perspective," College Literature 38.2 (2011) 101-117. Penelopes_Early_Recognition_of_Odysseus
Roisman, Hanna M. (1987), ‘Penelope's indignation’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 117, 59-68.
Schein, Seth L. (1996, ed.), Reading the Odyssey: Selected Interpretive Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04440-6
Wohl, Victoria Josselyn (1993), ‘Standing by the stathmos: the creation of sexual ideology in the Odyssey’, Arethusa 26, 19-50.
Zeitlin, Froma (1996). 'Figuring fidelity in Homer's Odyssey in Froma Zeitlin, Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 19–52.
Zerba, Michelle (2009), ‘What Penelope knew: doubt and scepticism in the Odyssey’, Classical Quarterly 59, 295-316.