Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325 (Hemospray or TC-325) is an inert, highly absorptive mineral agent which is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Applied during endoscopy to bleeding lesions, TC-325 is derived from bentonite, and is used to achieve hemostasis (control of bleeding) by absorbing water and creating a barrier that leads to mechanical tamponade (pressure) and concentration of clotting factors, resulting in enhanced coagulation (clotting of blood).[1] TC-325 was approved for gastrointestinal bleeding from causes other than gastric or esophageal varices (e.g., nonvariceal bleeding). TC-325 results in immediate control of bleeding in 91-93% of cases.[2][3] Technical success has gradually increased between 2011 and 2019, which may be due to device improvements or physician familiarity with the application of TC-325.[2]
History
Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325 was approved by the United StatesFood and Drug Administration in 2018 for gastrointestinal bleeding.[4]
Technical success has gradually increased between 2011 and 2019, which may be due to device improvements or physician familiarity with the application of TC-325.[2]
Uses
TC-325 is recommended for temporary control of gastrointestinal bleeding when other treatments are ineffective or not available.[5] TC-325 may also be used for massive bleeding with poor visualization or diffuse bleeding due to cancer.[6]
The device is not FDA approved for the treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.[7] However, TC-325 is 90.4% effective in achieving initial hemostasis in variceal bleeding, and its use was associated with a 4.2% rate of rebleeding.[8] TC-325 use for variceal bleeding is safe.[9]
Efficacy
TC-325 is 91-93% effective in achieving initial control of bleeding,[3][2] but does not prevent re-bleeding from occurring.[3] Rebleeding is most likely to occur if the initial bleed was brisk (spurting) or hypotension was present.[10]
Risks
Risks of TC-325 use include failure to control bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation, bowel obstruction, or malfunction of device or delivery system. If TC-325 is used for the control of bleeding at the site of a sphincterotomy or ampullary resection, there is a risk of biliary obstruction. Additional risks include allergy to the TC-325 powder. The overall rate of adverse events to TC-325 is 0.7%.[11]
^Mullady, Daniel K.; Wang, Andrew Y.; Waschke, Kevin A. (June 2020). "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Therapies for Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Expert Review". Gastroenterology. 159 (3): 1120–1128. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.095. PMID32574620. S2CID220046314.
^Facciorusso, Antonio; Straus Takahashi, Marcelo; Eyileten Postula, Ceren; Buccino, Vincenzo Rosario; Muscatiello, Nicola (December 2019). "Efficacy of hemostatic powders in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Digestive and Liver Disease. 51 (12): 1633–1640. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2019.07.001. PMID31401022. S2CID199539602.
^Rodríguez de Santiago, E; Burgos-Santamaría, D; Pérez-Carazo, L; Brullet, E; Ciriano, L; Riu Pons, F; de Jorge Turrión, MÁ; Prados, S; Pérez-Corte, D; Becerro-Gonzalez, I; Martinez-Moneo, E; Barturen, A; Fernández-Urién, I; López-Serrano, A; Ferre-Aracil, C; Lopez-Ibañez, M; Carbonell, C; Nogales, O; Martínez-Bauer, E; Terán Lantarón, Á; Pagano, G; Vázquez-Sequeiros, E; Albillos, A; TC-325 Collaboration Project, Endoscopy Group of the Spanish Association of, Gastroenterology. (October 2019). "Hemostatic spray powder TC-325 for GI bleeding in a nationwide study: survival and predictors of failure via competing risks analysis". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 90 (4): 581–590.e6. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2019.06.008. PMID31220444. S2CID195192053.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Chahal, D; Sidhu, H; Zhao, B; Jogendran, M; Dahiya, M; Tandon, P; Donnellan, F (2021-07-01). "Efficacy of Hemospray (TC-325) in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 55 (6): 492–498. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001564. PMID34049382. S2CID235243320.