People's Labour Party (Turkey)

People's Labour Party

Halkın Emek Partisi
People's Labour Party Halkın Emek Partisi
Abbreviation	HEP
Leader	Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar
Founded	7 June 1990
Banned	14 July 1993
Split from	Social Democratic Populist Party
Succeeded by	Freedom and Democracy Party; Freedom and Equality Party;
Ideology	Social democracy; Kurdish nationalism;
	Politics of Turkey; Political parties; Elections;

The People's Labour Party (Turkish: Halkın Emek Partisi, HEP), sometimes translated as the People's Work Party, was a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey.

History

It was founded on 7 June 1990 by seven members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly expelled from the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP).^[1] They were expelled from the SHP for having attended a Kurdish congress organized by the Kurdish Institute in Paris.^[2] HEP was led by Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar.^[1] It first viewed itself as a party for the whole of Turkey. But that a party represented in the Turkish Parliament openly demanded more rights for the Kurds was new to Turkish politics.^[3] Its politicians held speeches in front of audiences of up to 10,000 people in Southeast Turkey, which was deemed a danger to public security by the Turkish authorities.^[4] In view of the "Kurdish question", the HEP vigorously campaigned for the right to self-determination of the people by means of a federation, referendum or a similar kind of solution found by the people.^[4] Following the Newroz celebrations, president Işıklar declared during the first party congress in June 1991 that several circles tried to brand the party as a Kurdish party. As the party is a party of the suppressed, within this framework they are proud of being called a Kurdish party. Some days later, he reiterated that they were not uncomfortable with being called a 'Kurdish Party' since it was the Kurds whose rights were most infringed. After this declaration, several of the Turkish founding members resigned.^[5]

1991 elections

For the 1991 Turkish general election, it formed an electoral alliance with the SHP of Erdal Inönü,^[4]^[6] and 22 politicians from the HEP entered the parliament with this alliance.^[7] The HEP was involved in peace negotiations with the PKK. On 16 April 1993 chairman Ahmet Türk and five other MPs traveled to the Bar Elias in Lebanon, demanding a prolongation of the cease fire declared by the PKK before.^[8] The cease-fire was prolonged at a press conference given the same day.^[9]

Ban

Due to the overt promotion of Kurdish cultural and political rights, the party was banned by the Constitutional Court in July 1993.^[10] The party was succeeded by the Democracy Party (DEP) established in May 1993.^[1] In 2002 the European Court of Human Rights held that, since its methods and aims were peaceful and democratic, its dissolution was not justified as "necessary in a democratic society" as required by Article 11 and granted Feridun Yazar, Ahmet Karataş and Ibrahim Aksoy each €10,000 and another €10,000 combined due to the banning of their party.^[11]

Vedat Aydın, the Diyarbakır branch chairman of HEP, was found dead on a road near Malatya on 7 July 1991, two days after armed men had taken him from his home in Diyarbakır. His wife, Şükran Aydın, states that her husband's murder was a turning point and that there was a sudden increase in the number of unsolved murders in Turkey's southeastern region following his death. She says that JİTEM, a clandestine unit within the Turkish Gendarmerie, was responsible for his murder.^[12]

Parliamentarians

Leyla Zana
Ahmet Türk
Mahmut Kılınç
Adnan Ekmen
Nizamettin Toĝuç
Abdulkerim Zilan
Hatip Dicle
Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar
Salih Sümer
Mahmut Uyanık
Mehmet Ali Eren
Mehmet Sincar
Sedat Yurtdaş
Ali Yiĝit
Muzzafer Demir
Sırrı Sakık
Emin Ever
Zübeyir Aydar
Naif Güneş
Mahmut Alınak
Orhan Doğan
Selim Sadak
Remzi Kartal

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Aylin Güney. "The People's Democracy Party" (PDF). Political Parties in Turkey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "Almost All Party Chairs Served Jail Term". Bianet. 3 May 2017.
^ Güvenç, Muna (2011). "Constructing Narratives of Kurdish Nationalism in the Urban Space of Diyarbakir, Turkey". Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. 23 (1): 27. ISSN 1050-2092. JSTOR 41758881.
^ ^a ^b ^c Watts, Nicole F. (November 1999). "Allies and Enemies: Pro-Kurdish Parties in Turkish Politics, 1990–94". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 31 (4): 636–637. doi:10.1017/S0020743800057123. ISSN 1471-6380. S2CID 155216330.
^ Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office. University of Washington Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780295990491.
^ Turan, Ilter (16 April 2015). Turkey's Difficult Journey to Democracy: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back. OUP Oxford. p. 205. ISBN 9780191640612.
^ Watts, Nicole F. (1 July 2011). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. University of Washington Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780295800820.
^ Gunes, Cengiz (11 January 2013). The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance. Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 9781136587986.
^ Özcan, Ali Kemal (2006). Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 9780415366878.
^ Güney 2002, p. 124.
^ Chamber Judgment in the case of Yazar, Karataş, Aksoy and the People’s Labour Party (HEP) v. Turkey, p.1
^ Melik Duvakli (2 March 2009). "Wife of slain Kurdish politician says husband killed by JİTEM". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 24 May 2010. Şükran Aydın: a clandestine unit within the gendarmerie is responsible for the murder^{[permanent dead link‍]}