St Kilda (New Zealand electorate)

St Kilda is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1946 to 1996 and was represented by four Members of Parliament.

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including St Kilda.^[1] The original electorate covered the southern part of Otago Peninsula and some of the settlements that form the suburb of South Dunedin, including St Kilda.^[2] It thus took up most of the area that previously belonged to the Dunedin Central electorate (which in itself took over most of the area that previously belonged to the Dunedin West electorate), and some area that had belonged to the Dunedin South electorate (which was abolished).^[3]

The southern part of Otago Peninsula has always belonged to the St Kilda electorate until the 1987 electoral redistribution, and the various electoral redistributions determined how much of the suburb of South Dunedin belonged to the electorate.^[4]^[5]

History

The electorate was created in 1946,^[6] and was abolished in 1996 (the first election using the mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) system), when it was absorbed into the Dunedin South electorate.

The first representative was Fred Jones. He previously represented the Dunedin South electorate and retired at the end of two parliamentary terms of representing St Kilda in 1951.^[7]

Members of Parliament

Key

Labour National

Election	Winner
1946 election		Fred Jones
1949 election		Fred Jones
1951 election		Jim Barnes
1954 election		Jim Barnes
1957 election		Bill Fraser
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election		Michael Cullen
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Dunedin South)

Election results

1993 election

1993 general election: St Kilda^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Michael Cullen	10,019	47.07	−0.83
	Alliance	Leah McBey	4,948	23.24
	National	Malcolm MacPherson	4,899	23.01
	NZ First	Kevin Fogarty	1,027	4.82
	Christian Heritage	Hank Geerlofs	392	1.84
Majority			5,071	23.82	+14.60
Turnout			21,285	85.75	+1.07
Registered electors			24,821

1990 election

1990 general election: St Kilda^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Michael Cullen	9,797	47.90	−12.35
	National	Bruce Alexander	7,911	38.68
	Green	Ursula Finn	1,297	6.34
	NewLabour	Harold Love	1,059	5.17
	Social Credit	Bob Warren	325	1.58
	Democrats	Milan Radich	61	0.29
Majority			1,886	9.22	−18.06
Turnout			20,450	84.68	−3.24
Registered electors			24,148

1987 election

1987 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Michael Cullen	12,568	60.25	+6.07
	National	Lyndon Weggery	6,876	32.96
	Democrats	Ron Coles	1,172	5.61	−0.04
	Wizard Party	E J Thomas	242	1.16
Majority			5,692	27.28	+18.40
Turnout			20,858	87.92	−5.07
Registered electors			23,723

1984 election

1984 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Michael Cullen	11,643	54.18	+4.25
	National	Stuart Clark	6,049	28.15	−4.62
	NZ Party	John M. Hayes	2,428	11.30
	Social Credit	Ron Coles	1,215	5.65	−11.64
	Independent	D W Morrison	151	0.70
Majority			5,594	26.03	+8.88
Turnout			21,486	92.99	+2.12
Registered electors			23,105

1981 election

1981 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Michael Cullen	10,419	49.93
	National	Stuart Clark	6,840	32.77
	Social Credit	Ron Coles	3,608	17.29
Majority			3,579	17.15
Turnout			20,867	90.87	+17.11
Registered electors			22,963

1978 election

1978 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	10,064	49.02	+0.90
	National	Graeme Laing	7,105	34.60
	Social Credit	Joy Clapham	2,638	12.85
	Values	Norman Mearns	698	3.40
	Socialist Unity	Rodger Smitheram	24	0.11
Majority			2,959	14.41	+5.00
Turnout			20,529	73.77	−11.93
Registered electors			27,825

1975 election

1975 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	9,663	48.12	−11.66
	National	Gordon Heslop	7,773	38.71
	Social Credit	Joy Clapham	1,414	7.04
	Values	Trevor Reeves	1,227	6.11
Majority			1,890	9.41	−21.04
Turnout			20,077	85.70	−11.84
Registered electors			23,426

1972 election

1972 general election: St Kilda^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	11,022	59.78	+3.01
	National	Charles Kirby	5,407	29.32
	Social Credit	John Burgoyne Tavener	1,069	5.79
	Values	Aynsley Kellow	804	4.36
	New Democratic	John Robert Lumsden	103	0.55
	Independent	Harold Smith	31	0.16
Majority			5,615	30.45	+8.40
Turnout			18,436	97.54	+7.42
Registered electors			18,900

1969 election

1969 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	9,769	56.77	+4.14
	National	Lloyd George Anderson	5,974	34.71
	Social Credit	D J W Sheppard	1,355	7.87
	Independent	J C M McPhee	109	0.63
Majority			3,795	22.05	+5.04
Turnout			17,207	90.12	+1.31
Registered electors			19,093

1966 election

1966 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	8,691	52.63	−1.17
	National	R M Hall	5,882	35.62
	Social Credit	G M Chapman	1,938	11.73
Majority			2,809	17.01	+1.75
Turnout			16,511	88.81	−2.41
Registered electors			18,590

1963 election

1963 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	9,152	53.80	+4.87
	National	Kevin John Marlow	6,555	38.54
	Social Credit	Alexander John Lumsden	1,301	7.64
Majority			2,597	15.26	+9.93
Turnout			17,008	91.22	−1.35
Registered electors			18,644

1960 election

1960 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	7,662	48.93	−1.47
	National	Jim Barnes	6,827	43.60	−1.85
	Social Credit	T A Greenwood	1,169	7.46
Majority			835	5.33	+0.39
Turnout			15,658	92.57	−1.93
Registered electors			16,914

1957 election

1957 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Bill Fraser	8,058	50.40
	National	Jim Barnes	7,267	45.45	+4.56
	Social Credit	S G Ernslie	509	3.18
	Independent	Fred Poole	153	0.95
Majority			791	4.94
Turnout			15,987	94.50	+1.12
Registered electors			16,916

1954 election

1954 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Jim Barnes	5,679	40.89	−10.89
	Labour	Fred Jones	5,565	40.07	−8.74
	Social Credit	B Murray	2,642	19.02
Majority			114	0.82	−1.54
Turnout			13,886	93.38	+1.00
Registered electors			14,869

1951 election

1951 general election: St Kilda^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Jim Barnes	7,279	51.18
	Labour	Fred Jones	6,943	48.81	−2.34
Majority			336	2.36	−0.05
Turnout			14,222	92.38	−2.37
Registered electors			15,394

1949 election

1949 general election: St Kilda^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Fred Jones	7,310	51.15	−3.29
	National	Gerald Lyon	6,979	48.84
Majority			331	2.31	−6.55
Turnout			14,289	94.75	+0.25
Registered electors			15,080

1946 election

1946 general election: St Kilda^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Fred Jones	7,662	54.44
	National	Leonard James Tobin Ireland	6,414	45.56
Majority			1,248	8.86
Turnout			14,076	95.00
Registered electors			14,816

Notes

^ McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
^ McRobie 1989, p. 97.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 93–97.
^ McRobie 1989, pp. 94–127.
^ Note that the source was printed in 1989; the situation may or may not have been different following subsequent electoral redistributions.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 271.
^ Wilson 1985, p. 209.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 103.
^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 107.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norton 1988, p. 345.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Norton 1988, p. 344.
^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.