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Vijetnam (vijetnamski: Việt Nam), zvanično Socijalistička Republika Vijetnam (vijetnamski: Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), jest država koja se nalazi u jugoistočnoj Aziji, na najistočnijem dijelu Indokineskog poluostrva. Graniči sa Kinom na sjeveru, Laosom na sjeverozapadu, Kambodžom na jugozapadu. Na istoku izlazi na Južno kinesko more, kojeg nazivaju Istočno more (Vijetnamski: Biển Đông). Sa procjenjenih skoro 90 miliona stanovnika (2013.), Vijetnam je 13. najmnogoljudnija država u svijetu i 8. u Aziji.
Glavni i najveći grad je Hanoi.
Historija
Tokom historije, Vijetnam je bio pod velikim uticajem Kine. U 13. vijeku osniva se država Anam. U istom vijeku posjetio je i Marco Polo a posjećivali su je i Francuzi i Portugalci. U 19. vijeku osvojila ga je Francuska. U 20. vijeku stvoren je pokret za nezavisnost pod vodstvom Komunističke partije. Oko Vijetnama tokom 2. svjetskog rata borili su se Francuzi i Japanci. Nakon rata, nastavljen je rat između vladinih snaga i Francuza. Nakon nekoliko sporazuma datih Sjevernom Vijetnamu (tada slobodnom) Francuzi su ih prekršili, a država je postala priznata 1954. godine. SAD su se angažovale u Južnom Vijetnamu kako bi spriječile širenje komunizma sa sjevera. Nakon pobjede Sjevernog Vijetnam, amerikanci su se povukli a taj sukob je loše uticao na ugled SAD-a.
Socijalistička Republika Vijetnam je jednopartijska država. Novi državni ustav je odobren u aprilu 1992., mijenjajući onaj iz 1975. godine. Potvrđena je centralna uloga Komunističke partije Vijetnama u svim organima vlade, politici i društvu.
Smješten je u jugoistočnom dijelu Azije, na Indokineskom poluostrvu. Izlazi na Južnokinesko more. Glavni grad Hanoi, ostali gradovi: Haiphong, Da Nang, Hồ Chí Minh. Reljef većinom planinski, najviši vrh 3145 m; veći dio granice s Laosom čine Anamske planine. Uz obalu i rijeke smještene su nizije. Klima tropska-monsunska na planinama sutropska i umjerena. Obala nije naročito razuđena.
Prema popisu stanovništva od 1. aprila 2009. godine, u Vijetnamu je živjelo oko 85,8 miliona stanovnika i taj se broj znatno povećao u odnosu na popis stanovništva iz 1979. godine, kada je ukupno bilo se 52,7 miliona.[1] U 2012. broj stanovnika u zemlji se procjenjuje na oko 88,8 miliona.[2]
Kultura
Imala su sličnu kulturu kao u Indoneziji. Najveći mah dobila je pod uticajem budističke-kineske umjetnosti. Umjetnost se ogleda u narodu. Poznavali su davno bojenje lakom. Imala je malen uticaj Francuska umjetnost.
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