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Two Kettles

Infotaula grup humàTwo Kettles
Tipusètnia i amerindi nord-americà Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Geografia
Originari deReserva índia de Cheyenne River (Dakota del Sud) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Miwátani Háŋska (Mandan Alt), un dels líders dels Two Kettles, que figurava entre els signants dels dos tractats de Fort Laramie (1851 i 1868)

Two Kettles o Oóhenuŋpa[1] (O'ohenuŋpa, O'ohenonpa - “Dos bullits” o “Dues calderes”) era una subdivisió de la Nació Lakota, una fracció del poble amerindi sioux. Viuen a la reserva índia de Cheyenne River.

Junt amb els Sans Arc (Itazipco, Itazipcola, Hazipco - ‘aquells que cacen sense arcs') i Miniconjou (Mnikonju, Hoĥwoju - ‘Plantes per l'aigua’) sovint són coneguts com a Lakota Central[2] i es divideixen en nombroses bandes o thiyóšpaye.

Bandes o tiyošpaye històriques Oóhenuŋpa

  • Wanuwaktenula (Wah-nee-wack-ata-o-ne-lar, o Waniwacteonila - ‘Morts accidentalment’)
  • Sunka Yutesni (‘No mengen gossos')
  • Mniŝala (‘Aigua vermella’, un grup escindit dels tiyošpaye Sans Arc, també anomenats Mnisala- ‘Aigua vermella’)
  • Oiglapta (‘Pren tot el que queda’)

Els Oóhenuŋpa o Two Kettles d'antuvi eren part del tiyošpaye miniconjou anomenats Wáŋ Nawéǧa (‘fletxa trencada’), escindida pel 1840 i que esdevingué un oyate o tribu separada.[3]

Segons James Owen Dorsey, a finals del segle xix els Oóhenuŋpa eren dividits en dos grups:[4]

  1. Oohe noⁿpa (els propis Oóhenuŋpa)
  2. Ma waqota (Há waȟóta - ‘Pell vetejat de gris')[5]

Història

Abans de 1843 els exploradors no donen cap referència a aquesta subdivisió. La banda semblava tenir uns 800 individuss. A la mitja habitual de 7 persones per cabana, això faria que al voltant de 115 tendes (tipis quan no estan ocupats) el que equival a 230 guerrers en la norma del 2 per tenda. Afirmaven de manera variable que vivien entre altres ramats de búfals o separats d'altres bandes pel riu Cheyenne i el riu Missouri. Ells respectaven comerciants blancs i visitants i caçaven amb habilitat.D'antuvi participaven poc en les guerres però més tard ho van fer. Més tard van signar un tractat comproment-se a no atacar altres, excepte en defensa pròpia.

Referències

  1. ↑ Ullrich, Jan, New Lakota Dictionary : Lakhótiyapi-English / English-Lakhótiyapi & Incorporating the Dakota Dialects of Santee-Sisseton and Yankton-Yanktonai, Bloomington, Lakota Language Consortium, 2008, ad nomen, p. 401, ISBN 0-9761082-9-1
  2. ↑ Minneconjou and San Arc bands
  3. ↑ Two Kettles
  4. ↑ James Owen Dorsey: Siouan Sociology, Echo Lib, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4068-2595-4
  5. ↑ Cf. DeMallie, Raymond J., "Sioux until 1850"; in Raymond J. DeMallie (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians: Plains (Vol. 13, Part 2, p. 718–760), William C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 2001, p. 749, ISBN 0-16-050400-7

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