Anonychia

Anonychia
Anonychia
Specialty	Dermatology

Anonychia is the failure to form fingernails or toenails.^[1]

It is an anomaly which may be the result of a congenital ectodermal defect, ichthyosis, severe infection, severe allergic contact dermatitis, self-inflicted trauma, Raynaud phenomenon, lichen planus, epidermolysis bullosa, or severe exfoliative diseases.^[2]

Cause

This is rare and is usually due to mutations in the R-spondin 4 (RSPO4) gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 20 (20p13).^[3]

^ MacGilchrist, Claire (2020). "3. The skin and nails in podiatry". In Burrow, J. Gordon; Rome, Keith; Padhiar, Nat (eds.). Neale's Disorders of the Foot and Ankle (9th ed.). Elsevier. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7020-6504-0.
^ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "33. Diseases of the skin appendages". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 782. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
^ Khan TN, Klar J, Nawaz S, Jameel M, Tariq M, Malik NA, Baig SM, Dahl N (2012) Novel missense mutation in the RSPO4 gene in congenital hyponychia and evidence for a polymorphic initiation codon (p.M1I). BMC Med Genet 13(1):120

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